我的computer_move函数有什么问题？ [英] What is wrong with my computer_move function?
问题描述
TIE = "Tie"
O = 'O'
X = 'X'
EMPTY = " "
winner = 0
def instructions():
print ('''
0 : 1 : 2
----------
3 : 4 : 5
----------
6 : 7 : 8
''')
def who_goes_first():
answer = None
while answer not in ('y','n'):
answer = input ('You want to go first? "y" or "n".')
if answer == 'y':
human = X
computer = O
elif answer == 'n':
human = O
computer = X
return human, computer, answer
def empty_board():
board = []
for square in range (9):
board.append(EMPTY)
return board
def display_board(board):
print (board[0],':' ,board[1],':', board[2])
print ('----------')
print (board[3], ':', board[4], ':', board[5])
print ('----------')
print (board[6], ':', board[7], ':', board[8])
def legal_move(board):
legal = []
unlegal = []
for square in range(9):
if board[square] == EMPTY:
legal.append(square)
elif board[square] != EMPTY:
unlegal.append(square)
return legal, unlegal
def human_move(human, board, legal):
move = None
print ('Moves you are allowed:', legal)
while move not in legal:
move = int(input ('Enter your move:'))
return move
def computer_move (human, computer, board, unlegal):
way_to_win = [(0,1,2),
(3,4,5),
(6,7,8),
(0,3,6),
(1,4,7),
(2,5,8),
(0,4,8),
(2,4,6)]
priority = [4, 0, 8, 6, 2, 1, 3, 7, 5]
for number in unlegal:
if number in priority:
priority.remove(number)
for row in way_to_win:
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == computer and board[row[2]] == EMPTY:
move = row[2]
elif board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] == computer and board[row[0]] == EMPTY:
move = row[0]
elif board[row[0]] == board[row[2]] ==computer and board[row[1]] == EMPTY:
move = row[1]
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == human and board[row[2]] == EMPTY:
move = row[2]
elif board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] == human and board[row[0]] == EMPTY:
move = row[0]
elif board[row[0]] == board[row[2]] == human and board[row[1]] == EMPTY:
move = row[1]
else:
move = priority[0]
break
return move
def switch_turn(board, answer, computer, human):
human_count = 0
computer_count = 0
for square in board:
if square == computer:
computer_count +=1
elif square == human:
human_count += 1
if answer == 'y' and human_count == computer_count:
human_turn = 1
elif answer == 'y' and human_count > computer_count:
human_turn = 0
elif answer == 'n' and human_count == computer_count:
human_turn = 0
elif answer == 'n' and computer_count > human_count:
human_turn = 1
return human_turn
def return_board(human, computer, board, move):
if human_turn == 1:
board[move] = human
elif human_turn == 0:
board[move] = computer
return board
def outcome(board, human, computer):
global winner
way_to_win = [(0,1,2),
(3,4,5),
(6,7,8),
(0,3,6),
(1,4,7),
(2,5,8),
(0,4,8),
(2,4,6)]
for row in way_to_win:
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] == human:
winner = human
elif board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] == computer:
winner = computer
elif EMPTY not in board:
winner = TIE
return winner
### MAIN PROGRAM
instructions()
human, computer, answer = who_goes_first()
board = empty_board()
display_board(board)
while winner == 0:
human_turn = switch_turn(board, answer, computer, human)
legal,unlegal = legal_move(board)
if human_turn == 1:
move = human_move(human, board, legal)
print ('\n***********\n')
elif human_turn ==0:
move = computer_move (human, computer, board, unlegal)
print ('\n***********\n')
board = return_board(human, computer, board,move)
display_board(board)
winner = outcome(board, human, computer)
if winner == TIE:
print ('It\'s a draw')
if winner in (human, computer):
print ('{0} won.'.format(winner))
我的尝试：
我正在尝试制作一个井字游戏程序。我试图让计算机阻止，如果玩家要赢，或者如果要获胜则继续，但它的举动是不稳定的。我的逻辑有什么问题？
What I have tried:
I am trying to make a tic-tac-toe program. I try to make the computer to block if the player is going to win, or to continue if it is going to win, but its move are erratic. What is wrong with my logic?
推荐答案
嗯，最好的方法是运行它，并使用调试器。
编译并不意味着您的代码是正确的！ ：笑：
将开发过程想象成编写电子邮件：成功编译意味着您使用正确的语言编写电子邮件 - 例如英语而不是德语 - 而不是电子邮件包含您的邮件想发送。
所以现在你进入第二阶段的发展（实际上它是第四或第五阶段，但你将在之后的阶段进入）：测试和调试。
首先查看它的作用，以及它与你想要的有何不同。这很重要，因为它可以为您提供有关其原因的信息。例如，如果程序旨在让用户输入一个数字并将其翻倍并打印答案，那么如果输入/输出是这样的：
Well, the best way to find out is to run it, and use the debugger.
Compiling does not mean your code is right! :laugh:
Think of the development process as writing an email: compiling successfully means that you wrote the email in the right language - English, rather than German for example - not that the email contained the message you wanted to send.
So now you enter the second stage of development (in reality it's the fourth or fifth, but you'll come to the earlier stages later): Testing and Debugging.
Start by looking at what it does do, and how that differs from what you wanted. This is important, because it give you information as to why it's doing it. For example, if a program is intended to let the user enter a number and it doubles it and prints the answer, then if the input / output was like this:
Input Expected output Actual output
1 2 1
2 4 4
3 6 9
4 8 16然后很明显问题出在将它加倍的位 - 它不会将自身加到自身上，或者将它乘以2，它会将它自身相乘并返回输入的平方。
所以，你可以查看代码和很明显，它在某处：
Then it's fairly obvious that the problem is with the bit which doubles it - it's not adding itself to itself, or multiplying it by 2, it's multiplying it by itself and returning the square of the input.
So with that, you can look at the code and it's obvious that it's somewhere here:
private int Double(int value)
{
return value * value;
}
一旦你知道可能出现的问题，就开始使用调试器找出原因。在您认为可能的方法的第一行放置一个断点并运行您的应用程序。在执行代码之前，请考虑代码中的每一行应该做什么，并将其与使用Step over按钮依次执行每一行时实际执行的操作进行比较。它符合您的期望吗？如果是这样，请转到下一行。
如果没有，为什么不呢？它有何不同？
这是一项非常值得开发的技能，因为它可以帮助你在现实世界和发展中。和所有技能一样，它只能通过使用来改善！
Once you have an idea what might be going wrong, start using the debugger to find out why. Put a breakpoint on the first line of the method you think it might be and run your app. Think about what each line in the code should do before you execute it, and compare that to what it actually did when you use the "Step over" button to execute each line in turn. Did it do what you expect? If so, move on to the next line.
If not, why not? How does it differ?
This is a skill, and it's one which is well worth developing as it helps you in the real world as well as in development. And like all skills, it only improves by use!
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