用行联接表 [英] Join tables with rows

问题描述

我正在尝试联接SQL Server 2008 R2中的三个表，我希望将第二个表中的项目添加为新列.

I am trying to join three tables in SQL Server 2008 R2, where I want the items in the second table to be added as new column.

要详细解释-我有3个表:

To explain in detail - I have 3 tables:

第一个表包含用户名和用户ID

First table contains User Name and User ID

UserID UserName
1       Mike
2       John
3       George

第二张表是带有职位名称的职位ID

Second Table is position ID's with Position Names

PositionID PositionName
1          RW
2          LW
3          DF
4          MDF
5          SS
6          CF
etc

第三张表格包含他们的首选位置，一个用户可以拥有多个位置

Third table table contains their preferred positions where one user can have more than one

UserID  PositionId
1        1
1        3
2        2
2        3
2        5
3        2
3        7

当我加入这些表时，我想为每个具有所有首选职位的用户提供单行

When I join these tables I want to get single row for every user with all the preferred positions like

UserID   UserName  PreferedPosition  PreferedPosition2 PreferedPosition3
1        Mike      RW                LW               
2        John      CMF               SS                CF
3        George    LW                MDF

我不知道如何实现这一目标，我们将不胜感激.

I don't know how to achieve this, any help would be appreciated.

推荐答案

如果职位数量很少，则可以使用PIVOT关键字

If you have only a few numbers of positions, you can do it with PIVOT keyword

select
    UserID,
    UserName,
    [1] as Position1,
    [2] as Position2,
    [3] as Position3
from
(
    select
        U.UserID, U.UserName, P.PositionName,
        row_number() over (partition by U.UserID order by P.PositionName) as RowNum
    from Positions_Users as PU
        inner join Positions as P on P.PositionID = PU.PositionID
        inner join Users as U on U.UserID = PU.UserID
) as P
    pivot
    (
        min(P.PositionName)
        for P.RowNum in ([1], [2], [3])
    ) as PIV

SQL FIDDLE

但是，如果您希望具有动态的列数，则必须使用动态SQL，像这样

If, however, you want to have a dynamic number of columns, you have to use dynamic SQL, like this

declare @stmt nvarchar(max), @stmt_columns1 nvarchar(max), @stmt_columns2 nvarchar(max)
declare @Temp_Data table (RowNum nvarchar(max))

insert into @Temp_Data
select distinct row_number() over (partition by U.UserID order by P.PositionName) as RowNum
from Positions_Users as PU
    inner join Positions as P on P.PositionID = PU.PositionID
    inner join Users as U on U.UserID = PU.UserID

select @stmt_columns1 = stuff((select ', [' + RowNum + ']' from @Temp_Data for xml path(''), type).value('.', 'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 2, '')
select @stmt_columns2 = stuff((select ', [' + RowNum + '] as Position' + RowNum from @Temp_Data for xml path(''), type).value('.', 'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 2, '')

select @stmt = '
select
    UserID,
    UserName,' + @stmt_columns2 + '
from
(
    select
        U.UserID, U.UserName, P.PositionName,
        row_number() over (partition by U.UserID order by P.PositionName) as RowNum
    from Positions_Users as PU
        inner join Positions as P on P.PositionID = PU.PositionID
        inner join Users as U on U.UserID = PU.UserID
) as P
    pivot
    (
        min(P.PositionName)
        for P.RowNum in (' + @stmt_columns1 + ')
    ) as PIV'

exec sp_executesql @stmt = @stmt

SQL FIDDLE

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