什么是内核，引导加载程序? [英] What is a kernel, bootloader?

问题描述

我需要从根本上深入了解引导加载程序和内核. 我搜索了google，并获得了很多链接...但是我需要找到好的链接.如果您的朋友有任何文档，视频或HTML与我共享.....

i need to know about boot loader and kernel in deep from its basic. i search the google and got a lot of links... but i need to find the good ones. if you pals have any docs or video or htmls share with me.....

预先感谢

推荐答案

内核是操作系统的核心代码组件.它用于与硬件交互，并为应用程序软件提供接口.在此处中阅读Wikipedia以获取详细信息.

Kernel is the core code component of the operating system. It is used to interact with the hardware and provides an interface for application software. Read wikipedia here for detailed info.

每个平台的详细信息各不相同，但通常需要执行以下步骤 代表启动过程.

Details vary from platform to platform, but in general the following steps represent the boot process.

• 计算机启动时，BIOS 执行开机自检(POST) 和初始设备发现以及 自操作系统启动以来进行初始化 过程可能依赖于对磁盘的访问， 屏幕，键盘等.
• 接下来，引导的第一个扇区 磁盘上，MBR(主引导记录)为 读入固定的内存位置并 被执行.该部门包含一个 小型(512字节)程序，可加载 独立程序，称为boot from 引导设备，通常是IDE或 SCSI磁盘.
• 引导程序首先复制自身 到固定的高内存地址，以
  释放低内存以供操作 系统.一旦移动，引导程序将读取根目录 启动设备的目录.

• 为此，它必须了解 文件系统和目录格式， 有些人就是这种情况 引导加载程序，例如 GRUB BootloaderGRandUnified .

• When the computer starts, the BIOS performs Power-On-Self-Test (POST) and initial device discovery and initialization, since the OS’ boot process may rely on access to disks, screens, keyboards, etc.
• Next, the first sector of the boot disk, the MBR (Master Boot Record) is read into a fixed memory location and executed. This sector contains a small (512-byte) program that loads a standalone program called boot from the boot device, usually an IDE or SCSI disk.
• The boot program first copies itself to a fixed high memory address to
  free up low memory for the operating system. Once moved, boot reads the root directory of the boot device.

• To do this, it must understand the file system and directory format, which is the case with some bootloaders such as GRUB BootloaderGRandUnified.

其他流行的引导程序，例如 英特尔的LILO，不要依赖任何 特定的文件系统.相反，他们 需要一个方块图，并且底层 地址，描述物理 扇区，磁头和圆柱体，以 找到相关部门 加载.

Other popular bootloaders, such as Intel’s LILO, do not rely on any specific filesystem. Instead, they need a block map, and low-level addresses, which describe physical sectors, heads, and cylinders, to find the relevant sectors to be loaded.

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