R markdown:如何创建包含图像和文本的表格，这些表格应被编织为PDF? [英] R markdown: How to create a table with images and text which should be knitted as PDF?

查看：122
本文介绍了R markdown:如何创建包含图像和文本的表格，这些表格应被编织为PDF?的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我想在带有R markdown的PDF报告中包括一个包含2列的表格，其中包括图像和文本(图像描述). 为此，我对表有以下要求:

I would like to include a table with 2 columns including images and text (image descriptions) in PDF report compiled with R markdown. In doing so, I have the following requirements for my table:

  • width:固定列或表的宽度

alignment:列中的内容对齐

  • 第1列中图像的顶部居中对齐
  • 第2列中文本的左上对齐

文本内容:最好也很容易在代码中阅读

text content: is at best easy and good to read also in code

文本格式:

    需要
  • 文本格式设置，最多只能使用markdown语法，即粗体
  • 需要换行符
  • text formatting required, at best using markdown syntax, i.e, bold
  • linebreaks required

图像路径:，因为图像存储在子目录中，因此最好使用缩写的图像路径，例如

image path: as images are stored in a subdirectory, at best use abbreviated image paths, like

  • figpath <- "Folder/Subfolder/"然后
  • fig1 <- paste0(figpath, "image1.png")
  • figpath <- "Folder/Subfolder/" and then
  • fig1 <- paste0(figpath, "image1.png")

标题:需要表标题

引用:需要向表中添加引用，例如[@ R-base]

citations: adding references to the table is required, i.e., like [@R-base]

引用:需要其他表

理想情况下，表格如下所示:

In ideal, the table would look like this:

我基于LaTex语法，markdown语法和R markdown语法(使用kable和kableExtra)进行了几次尝试，请参见下面的MWE. 但是，没有一种方法能获得令人满意的结果. LaTex方法是最接近的方法，但不允许包含引用.

I made several attempts based on LaTex syntax, markdown syntax and R markdown syntax (with kable and kableExtra), see MWEs below. However, none of the approaches yield a satisfying result. The LaTex approach comes closest but does not allow to include citations.

带有图像的表格应稍后包含在用huskydown编译的报告(论文)中，该报告与thesisdown/bookdown有关. 任何帮助，我们将不胜感激！

The table with images should later be included in a report (thesis) compiled with huskydown, which is related to thesisdown/bookdown. Any help is greatly appreciated!

下表总结了我的方法，下面提供了MWE(有关改进的LaTex MWE，请参见@samcarter的回复)

Table below summarizes my approaches, MWEs provided below (for improved LaTex MWE see reply by @samcarter)

YAML header:
header-includes:
  \usepackage{array}
  \newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
  \newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
  \newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\raggedleft\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}


\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{My caption}
\begin{tabular}{@{} C{6cm} L{9cm} @{}}
\\
     \toprule
       Image & Description \\
     \toprule 
      \includegraphics[width=60mm]{Folder/Subfolder/image1.png} &
       \textbf{Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet} [@R-base] \linebreak mauris mauris sollicitudin malesuada amet.\\
      & \\
      \hline
      & \\
      \includegraphics[width=60mm]{Folder/Subfolder/image2.png} &
      \textbf{Lorem ipsum dolor} [@R-bookdown]\linebreak sit amet, mauris mauris sollicitudin malesuada amet. \
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

  • 专业版:

    • 垂直对齐:第1列的 工作正常
    • 标题:易于添加
    • 文本格式:换行符可与"\ linebreak"配合使用(但由于块文本而不能很好地工作)
    • LaTex中表的通用编码
    • vertical alignment: of column 1 working somehow correctly
    • caption: easy to add
    • text formatting: linebreaks feasible with "\linebreak" (but does not work so nicely due to block text)
    • generally versatile coding of tables in LaTex

    缺点:

    • 垂直对齐方式:第2列的无法正常工作-仅针对LaTex和简单降价文件的 已解决 ， 不解决了bookdown/thesisdown
    • 文本内容:向LaTex表中添加文本内容相当难看
    • 文本格式:仅乳胶格式有效，即"\ textbf {}"
    • 像**bold**这样的简单markdown文本格式(显然)在LaTex表中不起作用
    • 图像路径:不能包含缩写的图像路径(已解决)
    • 引用:在LaTex表中不起作用- 无法解决
    • 引用:如何引用LaTex表? (已解决)
    • vertical alignment: of column 2 not working correctly - SOLVED for LaTex and simple markdown file ONLY, NOT solved for bookdown/thesisdown
    • text content: adding text content to LaTex table is rather ugly
    • text formatting: only latex formatting works, i.e. "\textbf{}"
    • Simple markdown text formatting like **bold** (obviously) does not work in LaTex table
    • image path: can not include abbreviated image paths (SOLVED)
    • citations: do NOT work in LaTex table - NOT solved
    • referencing: how to reference the LaTex table? (SOLVED)
    Table: Caption of my table
<!-- Table: (\#tab:myTable-reference) Caption of my table -->

| Image | Description |
| :-------: | :----------- |
| ![](Folder/Subfolder/image1.png){#id .class height=50%} | **Image description** [@R-base]  <br/>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, ...          |
| ![](Folder/Subfolder/image2.png){#id .class height=50%} | **Image description** [@R-bookdown] <br/>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, ...           |
|                  |             |

    • 专业版:

      • 标题:易于添加
      • 垂直对齐:第1列的正常工作
      • 文本格式:像**bold**这样的简单markdown文本格式效果很好
      • 引用:像[@ R-bookdown]在markdown表中效果很好
      • caption: easy to add
      • vertical alignment: of column 1 working correctly
      • text formatting: simple markdown text formatting like **bold** works well
      • citations: like [@R-bookdown] work well in markdown table

      缺点:

      • 垂直对齐:第2列的无法正常工作
      • 文本内容:将文本内容添加到markdown表中非常难看
      • 文本格式:换行符不适用于<br/>
      • 图像路径:不能包含缩写的图像路径
      • 引用:如何在简单的markdown文件中引用表?在书本中，可以用Table: (\#tab:md-table) My caption标记表格，并用\ref{tab:md-table}引用表格.但是在一个简单的md文件中呢?
      • vertical alignment: of column 2 not working correctly
      • text content: adding text content to markdown table is rather ugly
      • text formatting: linebreaks NOT feasible with <br/>
      • image path: can not include abbreviated image paths
      • referencing: how to reference table in simple markdown file? In bookdown one can label the table with Table: (\#tab:md-table) My caption and reference it with \ref{tab:md-table}. But how about in a simple md file?
      Refer to this table with [foo] or  \@ref(tab:foo)  or \@ref(fig:foo).

(ref:foo-caption) caption
(ref:foo-scaption) short caption

```{r foo, echo=FALSE, out.width='90%', fig.align = "center", fig.cap='(ref:foo-caption)', fig.scap='(ref:foo-scaption)', results='asis'}
library(stringi)
some_text <- stri_rand_lipsum(1)
some_text <- paste("**Image description**", "[@R-bookdown]", "<br/>", some_text)
figpath <- "Folder/Subfolder/"
dat <- data.frame(
  Image = c(
    paste0("![](", figpath, "image1.png){#id .class height=120px}"),
    paste0("![](", figpath, "image2.png){#id .class height=120px}")
  ),
  Description = c(
  some_text, # TEXT IMAGE 1
  some_text  # TEXT IMAGE 2
  )
)
library(knitr)
kable(dat, format = 'pandoc')
```

      • 专业版:

        • 垂直对齐:第1列的工作正常
        • 文本内容:将文本内容添加到kable表中非常好
        • 图像路径:可以包含缩写的图像路径
        • 引用:易于参考，带有代码块标签
        • 以R标记轻松地对表进行编码；表的md代码结构良好/可读性很好
        • 文本格式:像**bold**这样的简单markdown文本格式效果很好
        • 引用:在山墙桌中表现良好
        • vertical alignment: of column 1 is working correctly
        • text content: adding text content to kable table is rather nice
        • image path: can include abbreviated image paths
        • referencing: easy to reference with label of code chunk
        • easy coding of tables in R markdown; md code of table is nicely structured/readable
        • text formatting: simple markdown text formatting like **bold** works well
        • citations: work well in kable table

        缺点:

          第2列的
        • width:太宽了
        • 垂直对齐:第2列的无法正常工作
        • 文本格式:换行符不适用于<br/>
        • 标题:无法正常工作
        • width: of column 2 far too wide
        • vertical alignment: of column 2 not working correctly
        • text formatting: linebreaks NOT feasible with <br/>
        • caption: not working as usual 
        Refer to this table with [foo2] or  \@ref(tab:foo2)  or \@ref(fig:foo2).

(ref:foo2-caption) caption
(ref:foo2-scaption) short caption

```{r foo2, echo=FALSE, out.width='90%', fig.align = "center", fig.cap='(ref:foo2-caption)', fig.scap='(ref:foo2-scaption)', results='asis'}
library(kableExtra)
kable(dat) %>%
  kable_styling(full_width = F) %>%
  column_spec(1, width = "30em")
```

        • 缺点:
            第2列的
          • width:太宽了
          • 图像:不显示

            • Con:
              • width: of column 2 far too wide
              • images: do not show

                • 如果有帮助，我很乐意为Rmd文件提供方法以及生成的PDF.

                I am happy to provide an Rmd file with my approaches as well as the generated PDF if of any help.

                推荐答案

                对于乳胶法:

                • 垂直对齐:第2列无法正常工作

                • vertical alignment: of column 2 not working correctly

                通过组合一个p列(而不是您使用的m列)和一个顶部对齐的图像，可以得到所需的对齐方式.对于顶部对齐的图像，在标题包括中添加\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}并在图像选项中添加,valign=t

                you get your desired alignment by combining a p column (instead of the m column you used) and a top aligned image. For the top aligned image add \usepackage[export]{adjustbox} to your header includes and ,valign=t to the image options

                图像路径:不能包含缩写的图像路径

                image path: can not include abbreviated image paths

                使用标题中的\graphicspath{{./older/Subfolder/}}即可轻松使用图像路径

                Using image paths is easy with \graphicspath{{./older/Subfolder/}} in your header includes

                其他评论:

                • 使用[H]作为浮动说明符通常不是一个好主意.这基本上保证了次优的图像放置.而是使用[htbp]确保乳胶找到适合您图像的最佳位置.

                • using [H] as floating specifier is usually not a good idea. This basically guarantees a suboptimal image placement. Instead use [htbp] to ensure that latex find the best possible locatiosn for your image.

                不要在表中使用\toprule，这就是为\midrule做的

                don't use \toprule within the table, that's what \midrule is made for

                在加载booktabs程序包时不要使用\hline，该程序包提供了具有更好间距的替代方法

                don't use \hline when you load the booktabs package which provides alternatives with superior spacing 

                \documentclass{article}

\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}


\graphicspath{{./older/Subfolder/}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{My caption}
\label{foo}
\begin{tabular}{@{} L{6cm} L{8.5cm} @{}}
     \toprule
       Image & Description \\
     \midrule 
      \includegraphics[width=60mm,valign=t]{example-image-duck} &
       \textbf{Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet} [@R-base] \linebreak mauris mauris sollicitudin malesuada amet.\\
            \midrule
      \includegraphics[width=60mm,valign=t]{example-image-duck} &
      \textbf{Lorem ipsum dolor} [@R-bookdown]\linebreak sit amet, mauris mauris sollicitudin malesuada amet. \\
      \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\ref{foo}

\end{document}

                这篇关于R markdown:如何创建包含图像和文本的表格，这些表格应被编织为PDF?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

查看全文
相关文章
其他开发最新文章
热门教程
热门工具
登录 关闭
扫码关注1秒登录
发送“验证码”获取 | 15天全站免登陆