cURL:处理多个异步请求 [英] cURL: Handle multiple asynchronous requests
本文介绍了cURL:处理多个异步请求的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我从来没有真正做过c ++中的多线程或异步操作，到目前为止，我仅使用cURL来执行单个同步请求.
为了更好地可视化我要执行的操作，我编写了一个简单的Javascript，可以使用C ++中的cURL来完成我想做的事情.
I've never really done anything multithreaded or asynchronous in c++, I only used cURL to do single synchronous requests so far.
In order to better visualize what I'm trying to do, I wrote a simple Javascript which would do what I want to do with cURL in C++.
function AddRequest( method, url, data, id ) {
var httpObj = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0"); //new XMLHttpRequest();
httpObj.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (httpObj.readyState == 4)
ResponseCallback( httpObj, id );
};
httpObj.Open( method, url, true );
httpObj.Send( data );
}
function ResponseCallback( httpObj, id ) {
WScript.Echo( id ); //alert( id );
WScript.Echo( httpObj.ResponseText ); //alert( httpObj.ResponseText );
}
//It could now be used like this:
AddRequest("GET","http://example.com/","",1);
AddRequest("GET","https://www.facebook.com","",2);
WScript.Echo( "all requests sent" ); //alert( "all requests sent" );
//these requests are all done at the same time
//and every time a request has finished it calls the ResponseCallback() function,
//telling it which request has finished
CURL似乎与XmlHttpRequest完全不同，并且不必要复杂得多，即使它们都只是发送HTTP请求...
这是我的第一种方法(基于hogren的回答):
CURL just seems to be COMPLETELY different and unnecessary more complicated than XmlHttpRequest, even though both are just sending http requests...
Here is my first approach (based on the answer of hogren):
#include "stdafx.hpp"
#include <iostream> //#include <stdio.h>
#include <curl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
bool printing = false; //will allow us to prevent prints overlapping each other
struct requestStruct { //will allow us to pass more than one argument to the threaded functions
int id;
const char* url;
const char* method;
const char* body;
map<const char*, const char*> headers;
const char* proxy;
int timeout;
};
struct responseStruct { //will allow us to return more than one value from the Request function
long statusCode;
//map<const char*, const char*> headers;
const char* body;
};
size_t writeToString(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t count, void *stream) {
((string*)stream)->append((char*)ptr, 0, size* count);
return size* count;
}
static void *ResponseCallback(int id, struct responseStruct *response) {
long statusCode = response -> statusCode;
//map<const char*, const char*> headers = response -> headers;
const char* body = response -> body;
//while (printing) {} //wait for other threads to stop printing
printing = true; //tell other threads to not print anything
cout << id << " response received! Code: " << statusCode << endl << body << endl;
printing = false; //tell other threads printing is okay again
return NULL;
}
struct responseStruct HttpRequest(const char* url, const char* method, const char* body, map<const char*, const char*> &headers, const char* proxy, long timeout) {
CURL *curl;
curl = curl_easy_init();
long statusCode = 0;
map<const char*, const char*> respHeaders;
string respBody;
string _url(url);
string _method(method);
string _proxy(proxy);
struct curl_slist *headerList = NULL;
string headerString;
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url); //set url
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, method); //set method
for (auto header=headers.begin(); header!=headers.end(); ++header) { //make header list
headerString = header->first;
headerString.append(": ").append(header->second);
headerList = curl_slist_append(headerList, headerString.c_str());
//cout << headerString << '\n';
}
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headerList); //set headers
if (_method == "POST" || _method == "PUT" || _method == "DELETE") //set body if the request method would allow it
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, body);
if (_url.find(string("https://")) != string::npos) //set ssl verifypeer if it's an https url
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L);
if (_proxy != "") //set proxy
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, proxy);
if (timeout != 0) //set timeout
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, timeout);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); //follow redirects
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, writeToString);
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER, &respHeaders); //to receive response headers
//??
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, writeToString);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &respBody); //to receive response body
curl_easy_perform(curl); //send the request
curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &statusCode); //get status code
struct responseStruct response;
response.statusCode = statusCode;
//response.headers;
response.body = respBody.c_str();
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
return response;
}
static void *AddRequest( void *arguments ) {
// get arguments:
struct requestStruct *args = (struct requestStruct*)arguments;
int id = args->id;
const char* url = args->url;
const char* method = args->method;
const char* body = args->body;
map<const char*, const char*> headers = args->headers;
const char* proxy = args->proxy;
int timeout = args->timeout;
// print arguments:
//while (printing) {} //wait for other threads to stop printing
//printing = true; //tell other threads to not print anything
// cout << id << endl << url << endl << method << endl;
//printing = false; //tell the other threads it's okay to print again now
struct responseStruct response = HttpRequest(url, method, body, headers, proxy, timeout);
ResponseCallback(id,&response);
pthread_exit(0);
return NULL;
}
int main() {
//map<const char*, const char*> headers;
//headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0";
//struct responseStruct response = HttpRequest("https://facebook.com", "GET", "", headers, "localhost:8888", 6000);
//cout << response.body << endl;
pthread_t threads[3];
struct requestStruct reqArguments[3];
map<const char*, const char*> headers;
headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0";
const char* proxy = "";
reqArguments[0].id = 0;
reqArguments[0].url = "https://www.facebook.com/";
reqArguments[0].method = "GET";
reqArguments[0].headers = headers;
reqArguments[0].body = "";
reqArguments[0].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[0].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[0]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
reqArguments[1].id = 1;
reqArguments[1].url = "https://www.facebook.com/";
reqArguments[1].method = "GET";
reqArguments[1].headers = headers;
reqArguments[1].body = "";
reqArguments[1].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[1].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[1], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[1]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
reqArguments[2].id = 2;
reqArguments[2].url = "https://www.facebook.com/";
reqArguments[2].method = "GET";
reqArguments[2].headers = headers;
reqArguments[2].body = "";
reqArguments[2].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[2].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[2], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[2]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
getchar(); //prevent console from closing instantly
return 0;
}
我不太确定我是否正确地执行了整个pthread..
有一些问题:
1.由于某种原因，只有第一个请求成功，其他请求甚至没有发送.
除非我取消注释main函数的前4行，否则它将在没有新线程的情况下进行直接请求，但是我显然不想使用该代码.
2. HttpRequest()函数无法正确返回响应html代码，我只收到垃圾 .
我认为问题2可能是与HttpRequest()的返回结构有关的指针相关的问题，但我无法修复它. :(
3.我的最后一个但不是最重要的问题是我不知道如何接收响应标头并将其放在地图中.
顺便说一句:我正在使用Visual C ++ 2010进行编译，并且正在使用Fiddler调试http通信.
I'm not really sure if I'm doing the whole pthread thing correctly..
There are some issues:
1. For some reason only the first request succeeds the others aren't even sent.
UNLESS I uncomment the first 4 lines of the main function which will do a direct request without a new thread, but I obviously don't want to use that code.
2. The HttpRequest() function doesn't return the response html code properly, I only receive garbage.
I think issue 2 might be a pointer related issue with the return struct of HttpRequest(), but I wasn't able to fix it. :(
3. My last and not that important problem is that I don't know how to receive the response headers and put them in a map.
Btw: I'm compiling with Visual C++ 2010 and I'm debugging the http traffic with Fiddler.
推荐答案
这是我纠正的代码.
没有真正的错误.但是经过几次测试，我发现同时启动多个curl_perform会导致问题.所以我增加了一个延迟(5000ms大，可以减少).
There was not really an error. But after several tests, I saw that to launch several curl_perform in the same time cause issues. So I added a delay (5000ms is large, you can reduce it).
而pthread_exit()导致响应错误的问题.
And pthread_exit() caused prolems with response error.
#include "stdafx.hpp"
#include <iostream> //#include <stdio.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
bool printing = false; //will allow us to prevent prints overlapping each other
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__WINDOWS__) || defined(__TOS_WIN__)
#include <windows.h>
inline void delay( unsigned long ms )
{
Sleep( ms );
}
#else /* presume POSIX */
#include <unistd.h>
inline void delay( unsigned long ms )
{
usleep( ms * 1000 );
}
#endif
struct requestStruct { //will allow us to pass more than one argument to the threaded functions
int id;
const char* url;
const char* method;
const char* body;
map<const char*, const char*> headers;
const char* proxy;
int timeout;
};
struct responseStruct { //will allow us to return more than one value from the Request function
long statusCode;
//map<const char*, const char*> headers;
const char* body;
};
size_t writeToString(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t count, void *stream) {
((string*)stream)->append((char*)ptr, 0, size* count);
return size* count;
}
static void *ResponseCallback(int id, struct responseStruct *response) {
long statusCode = response -> statusCode;
//map<const char*, const char*> headers = response -> headers;
const char* body = response -> body;
//while (printing) {} //wait for other threads to stop printing
printing = true; //tell other threads to not print anything
cout << id << " response received! Code: " << statusCode << endl << body << endl;
printing = false; //tell other threads printing is okay again
return NULL;
}
struct responseStruct HttpRequest(const char* url, const char* method, const char* body, map<const char*, const char*> &headers, const char* proxy, long timeout) {
CURL *curl;
curl = curl_easy_init();
long statusCode = 0;
map<const char*, const char*> respHeaders;
string respBody;
string _url(url);
string _method(method);
string _proxy(proxy);
struct curl_slist *headerList = NULL;
string headerString;
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url); //set url
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, method); //set method
for (std::map<const char*, const char*>::iterator header=headers.begin(); header!=headers.end(); ++header) { //make header list
headerString = header->first;
headerString.append(": ").append(header->second);
headerList = curl_slist_append(headerList, headerString.c_str());
//cout << headerString << '\n';
}
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headerList); //set headers
if (_method == "POST" || _method == "PUT" || _method == "DELETE") //set body if the request method would allow it
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, body);
if (_url.find(string("https://")) != string::npos) //set ssl verifypeer if it's an https url
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L);
if (_proxy != "") //set proxy
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, proxy);
if (timeout != 0) //set timeout
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, timeout);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); //follow redirects
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, writeToString);
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER, &respHeaders); //to receive response headers
//??
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, writeToString);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &respBody); //to receive response body
static int i=0;
delay(5000*(i++));
std::cout << "url: " << _url << ";" << std::endl;
curl_easy_perform(curl); //send the request
curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &statusCode); //get status code
struct responseStruct response;
response.statusCode = statusCode;
//response.headers;
response.body = respBody.c_str();
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
return response;
}
static void *AddRequest( void *arguments ) {
// get arguments:
struct requestStruct *args = (struct requestStruct*)arguments;
int id = args->id;
const char* url = args->url;
const char* method = args->method;
const char* body = args->body;
map<const char*, const char*> headers = args->headers;
const char* proxy = args->proxy;
int timeout = args->timeout;
// print arguments:
//while (printing) {} //wait for other threads to stop printing
//printing = true; //tell other threads to not print anything
// cout << id << endl << url << endl << method << endl;
//printing = false; //tell the other threads it's okay to print again now
struct responseStruct response = HttpRequest(url, method, body, headers, proxy, timeout);
ResponseCallback(id,&response);
/* this code cause trouble (no response code) */
//pthread_exit(0);
return NULL;
}
int main() {
//map<const char*, const char*> headers;
//headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0";
//struct responseStruct response = HttpRequest("https://facebook.com", "GET", "", headers, "localhost:8888", 6000);
//cout << response.body << endl;
pthread_t threads[3];
struct requestStruct reqArguments[3];
map<const char*, const char*> headers;
headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0";
const char* proxy = "";
reqArguments[0].id = 0;
reqArguments[0].url = "https://www.duckduckgo.com/";
reqArguments[0].method = "GET";
reqArguments[0].headers = headers;
reqArguments[0].body = "";
reqArguments[0].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[0].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[0]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
reqArguments[1].id = 1;
reqArguments[1].url = "https://www.google.com/";
reqArguments[1].method = "GET";
reqArguments[1].headers = headers;
reqArguments[1].body = "";
reqArguments[1].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[1].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[1], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[1]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
reqArguments[2].id = 2;
reqArguments[2].url = "https://www.facebook.com/";
reqArguments[2].method = "GET";
reqArguments[2].headers = headers;
reqArguments[2].body = "";
reqArguments[2].proxy = proxy;
reqArguments[2].timeout = 6000;
pthread_create(&threads[2], NULL, &AddRequest, (void *)&reqArguments[2]); //create a thread on AddRequest() passing a full struct of arguments
// getchar();
// that is cleaner
for (int i=0; i<3; ++i) {
int rc = pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
printf("In main: thread %d is complete\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
关于标题的最后一个问题，请在stackoverflow上发布另一个问题.因为一个学科中有很多学科(我认为).
For the last question about headers, please post an other question on stackoverflow. Because there are yet many subjects in one (I think).
还有一些建议，使用对象更容易编写和阅读代码源.
And a little advice, work with objects is very more easy to write and to read code sources.
结束编辑
这是使用libcurl进行多线程的官方示例的副本: http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/multithread.html
This is a copy of the official example to make multi-threading with libcurl : http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/multithread.html
/***************************************************************************
* _ _ ____ _
* Project ___| | | | _ \| |
* / __| | | | |_) | |
* | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
* \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
*
* Copyright (C) 1998 - 2011, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
*
* This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
* you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
* are also available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
*
* You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied.
*
***************************************************************************/
/* A multi-threaded example that uses pthreads extensively to fetch
* X remote files at once */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#define NUMT 4
/*
List of URLs to fetch.
If you intend to use a SSL-based protocol here you MUST setup the OpenSSL
callback functions as described here:
http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html#DESCRIPTION
*/
const char * const urls[NUMT]= {
"http://curl.haxx.se/",
"ftp://cool.haxx.se/",
"http://www.contactor.se/",
"www.haxx.se"
};
static void *pull_one_url(void *url)
{
CURL *curl;
curl = curl_easy_init();
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
curl_easy_perform(curl); /* ignores error */
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
return NULL;
}
/*
int pthread_create(pthread_t *new_thread_ID,
const pthread_attr_t *attr,
void * (*start_func)(void *), void *arg);
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pthread_t tid[NUMT];
int i;
int error;
/* Must initialize libcurl before any threads are started */
curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
for(i=0; i< NUMT; i++) {
error = pthread_create(&tid[i],
NULL, /* default attributes please */
pull_one_url,
(void *)urls[i]);
if(0 != error)
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't run thread number %d, errno %d\n", i, error);
else
fprintf(stderr, "Thread %d, gets %s\n", i, urls[i]);
}
/* now wait for all threads to terminate */
for(i=0; i< NUMT; i++) {
error = pthread_join(tid[i], NULL);
fprintf(stderr, "Thread %d terminated\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
您可以(以交互方式使用)将urls Array转换为向量.
You can, for a interactive use, transform the urls Array to a vector.
我希望它能对您有所帮助！
I hope that it will help you !
这篇关于cURL:处理多个异步请求的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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