Python和libxml2:如何使用XPATH在xml节点中进行迭代 [英] Python and libxml2: how to iterate in xml nodes with XPATH

问题描述

我在从XML树中检索信息时遇到问题.

I have a problem with retrieving information from a XML tree.

我的XML具有以下形状:

My XML has this shape:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<records xmlns="http://www.mysyte.com/foo">
  <record>
    <id>first</id>
    <name>john</name>
    <papers>
      <paper>john_1</paper>
      <paper>john_2</paper>
    </papers>
  </record>
  <record>
    <id>second</id>
    <name>mike</name>
    <papers>
      <paper>mike_a</paper>
      <paper>mike_b</paper>
    </papers>
  </record>
  <record>
    <id>third</id>
    <name>albert</name>
    <papers>
      <paper>paper of al</paper>
      <paper>other paper</paper>
    </papers>
  </record>
</records>

我想要做的是提取数据元组，如下所示:

What I want to do is to extract tuples of data like the follow:

[{'code': 'first', 'name': 'john'}, 
 {'code': 'second', 'name': 'mike'}, 
 {'code': 'third', 'name': 'albert'}]

现在，我编写了以下python代码:

Now I wrote this python code:

try:
  doc = libxml2.parseDoc(xml)
except (libxml2.parserError, TypeError):
  print "Problems loading XML"

ctxt = doc.xpathNewContext()
ctxt.xpathRegisterNs("pre", "http://www.mysyte.com/foo")

record_nodes = ctxt.xpathEval('/pre:records/pre:record')

for record_node in record_nodes:
  id = record_node.xpathEval('id')[0].content
  name = record_node.xpathEval('name')[0].content
  ret_list.append({'code': id, 'name': name})

我的问题是我没有任何结果，给人的印象是，当我在节点上进行迭代时，我在XPATH上做错了事.

My problem is that I don't have any result and I have the impression that I'm doing something wrong with the XPATH when I iterate on the nodes.

我还尝试使用这些XPATH作为ID和名称:

I also tried with these XPATHs for the id and the name:

/id
/name
/record/id
/record/name
/pre:id
/pre:name

依此类推，但有任何结果(顺便说一句，如果我在子查询中使用前缀，则会出错).

and so on, but with any result (BTW if I use the prefix in the sub queries I have an error).

有什么主意吗?

推荐答案

这是一个建议.请注意setContextNode()方法:

Here is a suggestion. Note the setContextNode() method:

import libxml2

xml = "test.xml"
doc = libxml2.parseFile(xml) 

ctxt = doc.xpathNewContext() 
ctxt.xpathRegisterNs("pre","http://www.mysyte.com/foo") 

ret_list = []
record_nodes = ctxt.xpathEval('/pre:records/pre:record') 

for node in record_nodes:
    ctxt.setContextNode(node)
    _id = ctxt.xpathEval('pre:id')[0].content
    name = ctxt.xpathEval('pre:name')[0].content
    ret_list.append({'code': _id, 'name': name}) 

print ret_list

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