语法错误:“("意外-在bash脚本中带有！(*.sh) [英] Syntax error: "(" unexpected -- with !(*.sh) in bash script

问题描述

我要运行一个sh文件:

I want to run a sh file:

#!/bin/bash
for f in !(*.sh); do
    ffmpeg -i "$f" -vf yadif=0:-1 -threads 0 -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
        -r 29.97 -b:v 3000k -s 1280x720 -preset:v slow -profile:v Main \
        -level 3.1 -bf 2 -movflags faststart /mnt/media/out-mp4/"${f%.mxf}.mp4"
    rm $f
done

但是，出现以下错误:

2: task1.sh: Syntax error: "(" unexpected

如果我直接在命令行上尝试，它会完美运行.

If I try directly on the command line it works perfectly.

路径和权限已被审核

the path and permissions are already reviewed

你知道会发生什么吗?

推荐答案

这不是"sh文件"，而是 bash 脚本.如果使用sh yourscript运行它，它将无法工作(因为extixlobs，即您要使用的shell功能，在POSIX sh中不受支持)；它只需与bash yourscript一起运行，或者从#!/bin/bash开始时与./yourscript一起运行(确实如此).因此，将其描述为"sh文件"会产生误导.而且，即使使用bash，也需要打开扩展的globing功能.

This is not a "sh file" -- it's a bash script. If you run it with sh yourscript, it will not work (as extglobs, the shell feature you're trying to use, aren't supported in POSIX sh); it needs to be run only with bash yourscript, or with ./yourscript when starting with #!/bin/bash (as it does). Describing it as a "sh file" is thus misleading. Moreover, even with bash, the extended globbing feature needs to be turned on.

您的直接问题是!(*.sh)不是常规的glob语法；它是 extglob扩展名，默认情况下不可用.您可能具有.bashrc或类似的配置文件，该文件为交互式shell启用了此扩展名，但不适用于脚本.运行:

Your immediate issue is that !(*.sh) is not regular glob syntax; it's an extglob extension, not available by default. You may have a .bashrc or similar configuration file which enables this extension for interactive shells, but that won't apply to scripts. Run:

shopt -s extglob

...启用这些功能.

...to enable these features.

清理后，您的脚本可能如下所示:

Cleaned up, your script might look like:

#!/bin/bash

shopt -s extglob

# putting settings in an array allows unescaped newlines in definition
# also sorted to make it easier to find things.
settings=(
  -b:v 3000k
  -bf 2
  -c:v libx264
  -level 3.1
  -movflags faststart
  -pix_fmt yuv420p
  -preset:v slow
  -profile:v Main
  -r 29.97
  -s 1280x720
  -threads 0
  -vf yadif=0:-1
)

for f in !(*.sh); do
    ffmpeg "${settings[@]}" -i "$f" \
      /mnt/media/out-mp4/"${f%.mxf}.mp4" && rm -- "$f"
done

请注意除格式之外的以下更改:

Note the following changes, above and beyond formatting:

• shopt -s extglob在扩展全局范围之前是自己的行.
• 仅在ffmpeg成功的情况下运行rm，因为这些命令之间的分隔符是&&，而不是;或裸换行符.
• 传递给rm的--参数告诉它将所有以后的参数(在本例中为"$f"的内容)都视为文件名，即使它以短划线开头也是如此.
• rm的"$f"参数在双引号内.

• shopt -s extglob is on its own line, before the glob is expanded.
• The rm is only run if ffmpeg succeeds, because the separator between those commands is &&, rather than either ; or a bare newline.
• The -- argument passed to rm tells it to treat all future arguments (in this case, the content of "$f") as a filename, even if it starts with a dash.
• The "$f" argument to rm is inside double quotes.

这篇关于语法错误:“("意外-在bash脚本中带有！(*.sh)的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！