根据另一个文件内容中的完全匹配重命名文件名的一部分 [英] Rename part of file name based on exact match in contents of another file

问题描述

我想重命名一堆文件，方法是仅更改文件名的一部分，然后根据另一个文件列表中的完全匹配项进行更改.例如，如果我有以下文件名:

I would like to rename a bunch of files by changing only one part of the file name and doing that based on an exact match in a list in another file. For example, if I have these file names:

sample_ACGTA.txt
sample_ACGTA.fq.abc
sample_ACGT.txt
sample_TTTTTC.tsv
sample_ACCCGGG.fq
sample_ACCCGGG.txt
otherfile.txt

，我想根据这些完全匹配找到并替换，这些完全匹配在另一个名为replaces.txt的文件中找到:

and I want to find and replace based on these exact matches, which are found in another file called replacements.txt:

ACGT    name1
TTTTTC  longername12
ACCCGGG nam7
ACGTA   another4

以使所需的结果文件名为

So that the desired resulting file names would be

sample_another4.txt
sample_another4.fq.abc
sample_name1.txt
sample_longername12.tsv
sample_nam7.fq
sample_nam7.txt
otherfile.txt

我不想更改内容.到目前为止，我已经根据我在此网站上的搜索结果尝试了sed和mv.使用sed，我了解了如何使用列表替换文件的内容:

I do not want to change the contents. So far I have tried sed and mv based on my search results on this website. With sed I found out how to replace the contents of the file using my list:

while read from to; do
  sed -i "s/$from/$to/" infile ;
done < replacements.txt, 

和mv我找到了一种方法，如果有一个简单的替换方法，就可以重命名文件:

and with mv I have found a way to rename files if there is one simple replacement:

for files in sample_*; do
  mv "$files" "${files/ACGTA/another4}"
done 

但是我怎样才能把它们放在一起做我想做的事?

But how can I put them together to do what I would like?

谢谢您的帮助！

推荐答案

您可以完美地组合for和while循环以仅使用mv:

You can perfectly combine your for and while loops to only use mv:

while read from to ; do
  for i in test* ; do
    if [ "$i" != "${i/$from/$to}" ] ; then
      mv $i ${i/$from/$to}
    fi
  done
done < replacements.txt

---

使用sed的替代解决方案可能包括使用执行替换结果的e命令(请谨慎使用！请尝试在不使用e结尾的情况下先打印将执行的命令).

---

An alternative solution with sed could consist in using the e command that executes the result of a substitution (Use with caution! Try without the ending e first to print what commands would be executed).

因此:

sed 's/\(\w\+\)\s\+\(\w\+\)/mv sample_\1\.txt sample_\2\.txt/e' replacements.txt

将解析您的replaces.txt文件，并根据需要重命名所有.txt文件.

would parse your replacements.txt file and rename all your .txt files as desired.

我们只需要添加一个循环来处理其他扩展:

We just have to add a loop to deal with the other extentions:

for j in .txt .bak .tsv .fq .fq.abc ; do
  sed "s/\(\w\+\)\s\+\(\w\+\)/mv 'sample_\1$j' 'sample_\2$j'/e" replacements.txt
done

(请注意，当它尝试重命名不存在的文件时(例如，当它尝试执行mv sample_ACGT.fq sample_name1.fq但文件sample_ACGT.fq不存在时，您应该会收到错误消息)

(Note that you should get error messages when it tries to rename non-existing files, for example when it tries to execute mv sample_ACGT.fq sample_name1.fq but file sample_ACGT.fq does not exist)

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