Linux操作系统和内核之间有什么关系? [英] What's the relationship between a Linux OS and a kernel?

问题描述

我使用Linux已经有好几年了，但从未超越从CD/DVD安装.如果应用程序管理器没有我在软件中想要的东西，那么我就迷失了方向.

I've been using Linux for several years, but never stepped beyond installing from a CD/DVD. If the app manager didn't have what I was looking for in the software, then I was a lost cause.

但是现在我正试图了解什么是"Linux".

But right now I'm trying to get a grip around what "Linux" is.

第一个出现在我脑海中的词是内核".在阅读Wikipedia之后，我了解到内核正在运行，以使其他软件(操作系统+应用程序)可以访问硬件(CPU，RAM +++).它也可以处理内存，但这不是操作系统应该做的(我从操作系统类中还记得什么)吗?

The first word that pops into my head is "kernel". After reading on Wikipedia, I understand that a kernel is software running to give other software (OS + apps) access to hardware (CPU, RAM+++). It also handles memory, but isn't that what the OS is supposed to do (what I remember from OS class)?

Linux发行版只是软件清单吗?

Is the Linux distro just a packed list of software?

带我最喜欢的发行版:Fedora.现在，它的版本为14，并随内核2.6.35一起提供.

Take my favorite distro: Fedora. It's now in version 14 and ships with kernel 2.6.35.

内核是否来自中央某个地方，并且是每个 Linux发行版的核心吗?如果是这样，那么Linux发行版是否只是使带有内核的计算机更易于使用的一种方式?这样，发行版+内核就是操作系统，因为一个没有另一个的内核是不可用的(也许是纯内核，但是谁坐在那?).

Does the kernel come from somewhere central and is the core of every Linux distro? If this is true, then is the Linux distro just a way of making the computer with the kernel more user-friendly to use? In that way, the distro+kernel is the OS because the one without the other is not usable (maybe pure kernel, but who sits on that?).

推荐答案

非常正确.对我来说，"Linux"只是内核.但是将整个发行版称为linux是很常见的.这就是令RMS烦恼的地方.他认为它应该被称为GNU/Linux，因为他将发行版视为linux内核以及GNU项目中的其他软件.这也很有意义，但是我从不使用术语GNU/Linux.我在谈论的是内核linux或"linux发行版"或特定发行版.

Pretty much correct. To me, "linux" is just the kernel. But it is pretty common to refer to entire distributions as linux. That is what annoys RMS so much. He maintains it should be called GNU/Linux, as he sees distributions as the linux kernel plus the additional software from the GNU project. This makes sense too but I never use the term GNU/Linux. I am either talking about the kernel linux, or "linux distributions", or a specific distribution.

是的.发行版就是内核(可能包括发行版特定的补丁程序)加上使它可用的所有其他程序.

So yes. A distribution is just the kernel (which may include distribution specific patches) plus all the extra programs that make it usable.

内核是一个中央项目，在每个发行版中名义上都是相同的，但是大多数发行版都对其进行了一些自定义.

The kernel is a central project, and is nominally the same in each distro, but most distros customize it a bit.

额外的软件不仅使内核更加用户友好，而且使它完全可用.内核只是中断处理程序，设备驱动程序和系统调用.它基本上对硬件进行了虚拟化，并为程序可以工作提供了标准环境.

And the extra software doesn't just make the kernel more user friendly, it makes it usable at all. A kernel is just interrupt handlers, device drivers, and system calls. It basically virtualizes the hardware and provides a standard environment for programs to work on.

就短语操作系统"而言，它可能会造成混淆.有人可能说内核是操作系统，而其他所有东西都是实用程序，应用程序或其他东西.其他人可能会说内核加上一些其他软件包组成了操作系统，但是大多数软件都不是操作系统的一部分.其他人可能会说发行版中的所有软件都是操作系统的一部分.

As far as the phrase "operating system" goes, it can be confusing. Some people may say the kernel IS the operating system, and everything else is either a utility or an application or something else. Other people may say the kernel plus some other packages make up the operating system, but most of the software is not part of the operating system. Others may say all the software in the distro forms part of the operating system.

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