在Python中从字符串中删除辅音 [英] Deleting consonants from a string in Python

问题描述

这是我的代码.我不确定是否需要计数器才能正常工作.答案应该是'iiii'.

Here is my code. I'm not exactly sure if I need a counter for this to work. The answer should be 'iiii'.

def eliminate_consonants(x):
        vowels= ['a','e','i','o','u']
        vowels_found = 0
        for char in x:
            if char == vowels:
                print(char)

eliminate_consonants('mississippi')

推荐答案

更正您的代码

if char == vowels:行是错误的.它必须是if char in vowels:.这是因为您需要检查在元音列表中是否存在该特定字符.除此之外，您还需要print(char,end = '')(在python3中)将输出全部打印为iiii.

Correcting your code

The line if char == vowels: is wrong. It has to be if char in vowels:. This is because you need to check if that particular character is present in the list of vowels. Apart from that you need to print(char,end = '') (in python3) to print the output as iiii all in one line.

最终程序将是

def eliminate_consonants(x):
        vowels= ['a','e','i','o','u']
        for char in x:
            if char in vowels:
                print(char,end = "")

eliminate_consonants('mississippi')

输出将是

iiii

---

其他方式包括

• 使用in字符串

  ---

  Other ways include

  • Using in a string

    def eliminate_consonants(x):
        for char in x:
            if char in 'aeiou':
                print(char,end = "")
    

    看起来很简单，语句if char in 'aeiou'检查字符串aeiou中是否存在char.

    As simple as it looks, the statement if char in 'aeiou' checks if char is present in the string aeiou.

    列表理解

     ''.join([c for c in x if c in 'aeiou'])
    

    仅当字符在aeiou

    生成器表达式

    ''.join(c for c in x if c in 'aeiou')
    

    此gen exp将返回一个生成器，而仅当字符在aeiou

    This gen exp will return a generator than will return the characters only if the character is in aeiou

    正则表达式

    您可以使用 re.findall 仅发现你弦中的元音.代码

    You can use re.findall to discover only the vowels in your string. The code

    re.findall(r'[aeiou]',"mississippi")
    

    将返回在字符串['i', 'i', 'i', 'i']中找到的元音列表.所以现在我们可以使用str.join然后使用

    will return a list of vowels found in the string i.e. ['i', 'i', 'i', 'i']. So now we can use str.join and then use

    ''.join(re.findall(r'[aeiou]',"mississippi"))
    

  • str.translate 和 maketrans

  • str.translate and maketrans

    对于此技术，您将需要存储一个映射，该映射将每个非元音与None类型匹配.为此，您可以使用 string.ascii_lowecase .制作地图的代码是

    For this technique you will need to store a map which matches each of the non vowels to a None type. For this you can use string.ascii_lowecase. The code to make the map is

    str.maketrans({i:None for i in string.ascii_lowercase if i not in "aeiou"})
    

    这将返回映射.请将其存储在变量中(对于地图，这里为m)

    this will return the mapping. Do store it in a variable (here m for map)

    "mississippi".translate(m)
    

    这将从字符串中删除所有非aeiou字符.

    This will remove all the non aeiou characters from the string.

    使用 dict.fromkeys

    Using dict.fromkeys

    您可以将dict.fromkeys与 sys.maxunicode .但是请记住先import sys！

    dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(sys.maxunicode+1) if chr(i) not in 'aeiou')
    

    ，现在使用str.translate.

    'mississippi'.translate(m)
    

  • 使用 bytearray

  • Using bytearray

    如 JFSebastian 在使用此功能，我们可以翻译单词

    Using this we can translate the word ,

    'mississippi'.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels)
    

    ，它将返回b'iiii'.使用decode即可轻松将其转换为str，即b'iiii'.decode("ascii").

    which will return b'iiii'. This can easily be converted to str by using decode i.e. b'iiii'.decode("ascii").

    使用 bytes

    Using bytes

    bytes返回一个字节对象，并且是bytearray的不变版本. (特定于Python 3 )

    bytes returns an bytes object and is the immutable version of bytearray. (It is Python 3 specific)

    non_vowels = bytes(set(range(0x100)) - set(b'aeiou'))
    

    使用此功能，我们可以翻译单词

    Using this we can translate the word ,

    'mississippi'.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels)
    

    ，它将返回b'iiii'.使用decode即可轻松将其转换为str，即b'iiii'.decode("ascii").

    which will return b'iiii'. This can easily be converted to str by using decode i.e. b'iiii'.decode("ascii").

    python3 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100; non_vowels = bytes(set(range(0x100)) - set(b'aeiou'))" "text.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels).decode('ascii')"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 2.88 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100; non_vowels = bytearray(set(range(0x100)) - set(b'aeiou'))" "text.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels).decode('ascii')"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 3.06 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100;d=dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(127) if chr(i) not in 'aeiou')" "text.translate(d)"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 71.3 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "import string; import sys; text='mississippi'*100; m = dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(sys.maxunicode+1) if chr(i) not in 'aeiou')" "text.translate(m)"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 71.6 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100" "''.join(c for c in text if c in 'aeiou')"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 60.1 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100" "''.join([c for c in text if c in 'aeiou'])"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 53.2 usec per loop
    python3 -m timeit -s "import re;text = 'mississippi'*100; p=re.compile(r'[aeiou]')" "''.join(p.findall(text))"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 57 usec per loop
    

    按时间排序的时间

    translate (bytes)    |  2.88
    translate (bytearray)|  3.06
    List Comprehension   | 53.2
    Regular expressions  | 57.0
    Generator exp        | 60.1
    dict.fromkeys        | 71.3
    translate (unicode)  | 71.6
    

    如您所见，使用bytes的最终方法是最快的.

    As you can see the final method using bytes is the fastest.

    python3.5 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100; non_vowels = bytes(set(range(0x100)) - set(b'aeiou'))" "text.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels).decode('ascii')"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 4.17 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100; non_vowels = bytearray(set(range(0x100)) - set(b'aeiou'))" "text.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, non_vowels).decode('ascii')"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 4.21 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100;d=dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(127) if chr(i) not in 'aeiou')" "text.translate(d)"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 2.39 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "import string; import sys; text='mississippi'*100; m = dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(sys.maxunicode+1) if chr(i) not in 'aeiou')" "text.translate(m)"
    100000 loops, best of 3: 2.33 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100" "''.join(c for c in text if c in 'aeiou')"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 97.1 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "text = 'mississippi'*100" "''.join([c for c in text if c in 'aeiou'])"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 86.6 usec per loop
    python3.5 -m timeit -s "import re;text = 'mississippi'*100; p=re.compile(r'[aeiou]')" "''.join(p.findall(text))"
    10000 loops, best of 3: 74.3 usec per loop
    

    按时间排序的时间

    translate (unicode)  |  2.33
    dict.fromkeys        |  2.39
    translate (bytes)    |  4.17
    translate (bytearray)|  4.21
    List Comprehension   | 86.6
    Regular expressions  | 74.3
    Generator exp        | 97.1
    

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