Python-将字符串中的单词与字符串列表匹配 [英] Python - match a word in a string with a list of strings

问题描述

我是python的新手，我想知道如何进行字符串比较

I'm new to python and I was wondering how string comparison is done

假设我有一个包含状态名称的字符串列表，例如

Let's say I have a list of strings containing state names like

states = ["New York", "California", "Nebraska", "Idaho"]

我还有另一个包含地址的字符串，例如

I also have another string that contains an address like

postal_addr = "1234 1st E St San Jose California 95112"

如何解析此地址字符串并找到与状态列表中的项目匹配的项目?在上面的示例中，加利福尼亚将是一个匹配项.匹配后，如何提取"California"并将其存储为单独的字符串?

How do I parse this address string and find a match with the items in the states list? In the above example, California will be a match. How do I then, after matching, extract "California" and store it as a separate string?

推荐答案

我会做

matches = [ s for s in states if s in postal_addr ]

然后，如果要从邮政地址获取字符串:

Then, if you want to get the string from the postal address:

import re
if matches:
    extracted = re.findall( matches[0],  postal_addr)[0]

..但这不适用于城市名称包含不同州的城市/州组合，例如postal_adr = '1 Arrowhead Dr, Kansas City, Missouri 64129'和states = ["New York", "California", "Nebraska", "Idaho", "Missouri", "Kansas"]等.在这种情况下

..but this won't work for city/state combos where the city name contains a different state, for example if postal_adr = '1 Arrowhead Dr, Kansas City, Missouri 64129' and states = ["New York", "California", "Nebraska", "Idaho", "Missouri", "Kansas"] etc. In this case

import re
if matches:
    extracted = [(re.search(m, postal_addr).start() , m) for m in matches ]
    extracted = sorted( extracted )[-1][1]

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