使用列表中的项目更改嵌套字典的dict的值? [英] Change values in dict of nested dicts using items in a list?
问题描述
如何基于列表的值在嵌套dict的字典中修改/创建键/值,其中列表的最后一项是dict的值,而其余项则返回到该键中的键字典? 这将是列表:
How would you modify/create keys/values in a dict of nested dicts based on the values of a list, in which the last item of the list is a value for the dict, and the rest of items reefer to keys within dicts? This would be the list:
list_adddress = [ "key1", "key1.2", "key1.2.1", "value" ]
这仅在诸如解析命令行参数之类的情况下才是问题.显然,使用dict_nested["key1"]["key1.2"]["key1.2.1"]["value"]
可以很容易地在脚本中修改/创建此值.
This would only be a problem in situations like when parsing command line arguments. It's obvious that modifying/creating this value within a script would be pretty easy using dict_nested["key1"]["key1.2"]["key1.2.1"]["value"]
.
这是字典的嵌套字典:
dict_nested = {
"key1": {
"key1.1": {
"...": "...",
},
"key1.2": {
"key1.2.1": "change_this",
},
},
"key2": {
"...": "..."
},
}
我猜在这种情况下,将需要诸如递归函数或列表理解之类的东西.
I guess that in this case, something like a recursive function or a list comprehension would be required.
def ValueModify(list_address, dict_nested):
...
...
ValueModify(..., ...)
此外,如果list_address
中的项目会重新引用到不存在的字典中的键,则应创建它们.
Also, if items in list_address
would reefer to keys in non-existing dictionaries, they should be created.
推荐答案
单线:
keys, (newkey, newvalue) = list_address[:-2], list_address[-2:]
reduce(dict.__getitem__, keys, dict_nested)[newkey] = newvalue
注意:dict.get
和operator.getitem
在这里会产生错误的异常.
Note: dict.get
and operator.getitem
would produce wrong exceptions here.
如乔尔·科尼特(Joel Cornett)的答案中所示的明确for循环可能更易读.
An explicit for-loop as in Joel Cornett's answer might be more readable.
如果要创建不存在的中间词典:
If you want to create non-existing intermediate dictionaries:
reduce(lambda d,k: d.setdefault(k, {}), keys, dict_nested)[newkey] = newvalue
如果您要覆盖不是字典的现有中间值,例如字符串,整数:
If you want to override existing intermediate values that are not dictionaries e.g., strings, integers:
from collections import MutableMapping
def set_value(d, keys, newkey, newvalue, default_factory=dict):
"""
Equivalent to `reduce(dict.get, keys, d)[newkey] = newvalue`
if all `keys` exists and corresponding values are of correct type
"""
for key in keys:
try:
val = d[key]
except KeyError:
val = d[key] = default_factory()
else:
if not isinstance(val, MutableMapping):
val = d[key] = default_factory()
d = val
d[newkey] = newvalue
示例
list_address = ["key1", "key1.2", "key1.2.1", "key1.2.1.1", "value"]
dict_nested = {
"key1": {
"key1.1": {
"...": "...",
},
"key1.2": {
"key1.2.1": "change_this",
},
},
"key2": {
"...": "..."
},
}
set_value(dict_nested, list_address[:-2], *list_address[-2:])
assert reduce(dict.get, list_address[:-1], dict_nested) == list_address[-1]
测试
>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> d = OrderedDict()
>>> set_value(d, [], 'a', 1, OrderedDict) # non-existent key
>>> d.items()
[('a', 1)]
>>> set_value(d, 'b', 'a', 2) # non-existent intermediate key
>>> d.items()
[('a', 1), ('b', {'a': 2})]
>>> set_value(d, 'a', 'b', 3) # wrong intermediate type
>>> d.items()
[('a', {'b': 3}), ('b', {'a': 2})]
>>> d = {}
>>> set_value(d, 'abc', 'd', 4)
>>> reduce(dict.get, 'abcd', d) == d['a']['b']['c']['d'] == 4
True
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> autovivify = lambda: defaultdict(autovivify)
>>> d = autovivify()
>>> set_value(d, 'abc', 'd', 4)
>>> reduce(dict.get, 'abcd', d) == d['a']['b']['c']['d'] == 4
True
>>> set_value(1, 'abc', 'd', 4) #doctest:+IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError:
>>> set_value([], 'abc', 'd', 4) #doctest:+IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError:
>>> L = [10]
>>> set_value(L, [0], 2, 3)
>>> L
[{2: 3}]
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