在现代的OpenGL中旋转立方体...看起来很奇怪 [英] Rotating a cube in modern opengl... looks strange

查看：92
本文介绍了在现代的OpenGL中旋转立方体...看起来很奇怪的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我有点迷路，真的迷路了.

I'm somewhat lost, really lost.

我正在尝试旋转一个多维数据集(目前仅绕y轴)，这是(丑陋和错误的)结果:

I'm trying to rotate a cube (just around the y-axis for now) and this is the (ugly and wrong) outcome:

这是旋转矩阵的代码:

def rotate(axis: Vector3, angle: Float): Unit =
{
    val cosAngle: Float = Math.cos(angle).toFloat
    val sinAngle: Float = Math.sin(angle).toFloat

    val oneMinusCosAngle: Float = 1.0f - cosAngle

    val xy: Float = axis.x * axis.y
    val xz: Float = axis.x * axis.z

    val yz: Float = axis.y * axis.z

    val xs: Float = axis.x * sinAngle
    val ys: Float = axis.y * sinAngle
    val zs: Float = axis.z * sinAngle

    val f00: Float = axis.x * axis.x * oneMinusCosAngle + cosAngle
    val f01: Float = xy * oneMinusCosAngle + zs
    val f02: Float = xz * oneMinusCosAngle - ys

    val f10: Float = xy * oneMinusCosAngle - zs
    val f11: Float = axis.y * axis.y * oneMinusCosAngle + cosAngle
    val f12: Float = yz * oneMinusCosAngle + xs

    val f20: Float = xz * oneMinusCosAngle + ys
    val f21: Float = yz * oneMinusCosAngle - xs
    val f22: Float = axis.z * axis.z * oneMinusCosAngle + cosAngle

    val t00: Float = this.m00 * f00 + this.m10 * f01 + this.m20 * f02
    val t01: Float = this.m01 * f00 + this.m11 * f01 + this.m21 * f02
    val t02: Float = this.m02 * f00 + this.m12 * f01 + this.m22 * f02
    val t03: Float = this.m03 * f00 + this.m13 * f01 + this.m23 * f02
    val t10: Float = this.m00 * f10 + this.m10 * f11 + this.m20 * f12
    val t11: Float = this.m01 * f10 + this.m11 * f11 + this.m21 * f12
    val t12: Float = this.m02 * f10 + this.m12 * f11 + this.m22 * f12
    val t13: Float = this.m03 * f10 + this.m13 * f11 + this.m23 * f12

    this.m00 = t00
    this.m01 = t01
    this.m02 = t02
    this.m03 = t03

    this.m10 = t10
    this.m11 = t11
    this.m12 = t12
    this.m13 = t13

    this.m20 = this.m00 * f20 + this.m10 * f21 + this.m20 * f22
    this.m21 = this.m01 * f20 + this.m11 * f21 + this.m21 * f22
    this.m22 = this.m02 * f20 + this.m12 * f21 + this.m22 * f22
    this.m23 = this.m03 * f20 + this.m13 * f21 + this.m23 * f22
}

受到以下方面的极大启发:

It's heavily inspired by: https://github.com/LWJGL/lwjgl/blob/master/src/java/org/lwjgl/util/vector/Matrix4f.java which is no longer a part of lwjgl 3

立方体本身由这些顶点，索引和纹理坐标组成

the cube itself is made up out of these vertices, indices and texture coordinates

val vertices: Array[Float] = Array(
    -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,
    -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,

    -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,
    -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,
    0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,

    0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,
    0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,

    -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,
    -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,
    -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,

    -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,
    -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,

    -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,
    -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f,
    0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f
  )

  val indices: Array[Int] = Array(
    0,1,3,
    3,1,2,
    4,5,7,
    7,5,6,
    8,9,11,
    11,9,10,
    12,13,15,
    15,13,14,
    16,17,19,
    19,17,18,
    20,21,23,
    23,21,22
  )

  val textureCoords: Array[Float] = Array(
    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0,

    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0,

    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0,

    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0,

    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0,

    0,0,
    0,1,
    1,1,
    1,0
  )

其模型矩阵的计算如下:

Its model-matrix is calculated like this:

def calculateModelMatrix(position: Vector3, rotation: Vector3, scale: Float): Matrix4 =
{
    val matrix: Matrix4 = Matrix4.Identity
    matrix.translate(position)
    matrix.rotate(new Vector3(1,0,0), Math.toRadians(rotation.x).toFloat)
    matrix.rotate(new Vector3(0,1,0), Math.toRadians(rotation.y).toFloat)
    matrix.rotate(new Vector3(0,0,1), Math.toRadians(rotation.z).toFloat)
    matrix.scale(new Vector3(scale, scale, scale))

    matrix
}

从正面渲染多维数据集就像一个饰物.我尚未实现相机"的移动，所以viewMatrix可能是错误的?

Rendering the cube from the front works like a charm. I've not yet implemented moving the "camera", so maybe the viewMatrix is wrong?

每帧(在相机中)计算ViewMatrix，如下所示:

ViewMatrix is calculated each frame (in the camera), like this:

def calculateViewMatrix(): Matrix4 =
{
    val matrix: Matrix4 = Matrix4.Identity
    matrix.rotate(new Vector3(1,0,0), Math.toRadians(this.pitch).toFloat)
    matrix.rotate(new Vector3(0,1,0), Math.toRadians(this.yaw).toFloat)
    matrix.translate(new Vector3(-this.position.x, -this.position.y, -this.position.z))
    matrix
}

如果您需要其他代码，我可以提供一切，我只是不想发布所有代码，因此很多人不愿这样做.

If you need additional code, I can provide everything, I just didn't want to post all the code and discourage a lot of people.

修改:

根据注释添加着色器代码和projectionMatrix生成:

Adding shader code and projectionMatrix generation as per comments:

def calculateProjectionMatrix(): Matrix4 =
{
    val aspectRatio: Float = 1024 / 768 // TODO get this from somewhere
    val yScale: Float = ((1.0f / Math.tan(Math.toRadians(FOV / 2f))) * aspectRatio).toFloat
    val xScale: Float = yScale / aspectRatio
    val frustumLength = FAR_PLANE - NEAR_PLANE

    val matrix: Matrix4 = Matrix4.Zero
    matrix.m00 = xScale
    matrix.m11 = yScale
    matrix.m22 = -((FAR_PLANE + NEAR_PLANE) / frustumLength)
    matrix.m23 = -1.0f
    matrix.m32 = -((2.0f * NEAR_PLANE * FAR_PLANE) / frustumLength)

    matrix
}

(是的，窗口尺寸匹配1024 * 768)

(Yes, window measurements match 1024*768)

projectionMatrix设置一次，因为它永远不会改变.

projectionMatrix gets set once as it never changes.

着色器代码:

#version 330 core

in vec3 position;
in vec2 textureCoords;

out vec2 passTextureCoords;

uniform mat4 modelViewProjectionMatrix;

void main(void)
{
    gl_Position = modelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0f);
    passTextureCoords = textureCoords;
}

并且，每帧都计算(并设置)modelViewProjectionMatrix，如下所示:

and, modelViewProjectionMatrix is calculated (and set) each frame, like this:

modelViewProjectionMatrix = Matrix4.multiply(viewProjectionMatrix, modelMatrix)

其中的viewProjetionMatrix为:

where viewProjetionMatrix is:

def calculateViewProjectionMatrix(): Matrix4 =
{
    Matrix4.multiply(this.projectionMatrix, this.viewMatrix)
}

并且要保证100％的正确，乘数方法...我们在这里有一个对象(就像所有java-dev的静态方法一样)

and, to be 100% sure, the multiply-method... we have an object here (is like a static method for all java-devs)

def multiply(left: Matrix4, right: Matrix4): Matrix4 =
{
    val matrix: Matrix4 = new Matrix4(left)
    matrix.multiply(right)

    matrix
}

那里有一个复制构造函数，而class-instance的乘法方法是:

there is a copy-constructor in there and the multiply-method of the class-instance is:

def multiply(right: Matrix4): Unit =
{
    set(
      this.m00 * right.m00 + this.m10 * right.m01 + this.m20 * right.m02 + this.m30 * right.m03,
      this.m01 * right.m00 + this.m11 * right.m01 + this.m21 * right.m02 + this.m31 * right.m03,
      this.m02 * right.m00 + this.m12 * right.m01 + this.m22 * right.m02 + this.m32 * right.m03,
      this.m03 * right.m00 + this.m13 * right.m01 + this.m23 * right.m02 + this.m33 * right.m03,
      this.m00 * right.m10 + this.m10 * right.m11 + this.m20 * right.m12 + this.m30 * right.m13,
      this.m01 * right.m10 + this.m11 * right.m11 + this.m21 * right.m12 + this.m31 * right.m13,
      this.m02 * right.m10 + this.m12 * right.m11 + this.m22 * right.m12 + this.m32 * right.m13,
      this.m03 * right.m10 + this.m13 * right.m11 + this.m23 * right.m12 + this.m33 * right.m13,
      this.m00 * right.m20 + this.m10 * right.m21 + this.m20 * right.m22 + this.m30 * right.m23,
      this.m01 * right.m20 + this.m11 * right.m21 + this.m21 * right.m22 + this.m31 * right.m23,
      this.m02 * right.m20 + this.m12 * right.m21 + this.m22 * right.m22 + this.m32 * right.m23,
      this.m03 * right.m20 + this.m13 * right.m21 + this.m23 * right.m22 + this.m33 * right.m23,
      this.m00 * right.m30 + this.m10 * right.m31 + this.m20 * right.m32 + this.m30 * right.m33,
      this.m01 * right.m30 + this.m11 * right.m31 + this.m21 * right.m32 + this.m31 * right.m33,
      this.m02 * right.m30 + this.m12 * right.m31 + this.m22 * right.m32 + this.m32 * right.m33,
      this.m03 * right.m30 + this.m13 * right.m31 + this.m23 * right.m32 + this.m33 * right.m33
    )
  }

其中set(...)只是设置Matrix4的var(iable)...所以第一行是m00，最后一行是m33.

where set(...) just sets the var(iable)s of the Matrix4... so first line is m00, last line is m33.

def set(  m00: Float, m01: Float, m02: Float, m03: Float,
          m10: Float, m11: Float, m12: Float, m13: Float,
          m20: Float, m21: Float, m22: Float, m23: Float,
          m30: Float, m31: Float, m32: Float, m33: Float): Unit =
  {
    this.m00 = m00
    this.m01 = m01
    this.m02 = m02
    this.m03 = m03
    this.m10 = m10
    this.m11 = m11
    this.m12 = m12
    this.m13 = m13
    this.m20 = m20
    this.m21 = m21
    this.m22 = m22
    this.m23 = m23
    this.m30 = m30
    this.m31 = m31
    this.m32 = m32
    this.m33 = m33
  }

也许乘法是错误的(可能，但是对我来说真的很奇怪，正如我之前所证实的那样)

Maybe the multiplication is wrong (could be, but would be really strange to me, as I verified that before)

推荐答案

首先将您的Matrix.rotate代码与链接的代码进行比较

Comparing your Matrix.rotate code with the linked code, you first do

this.m00 = t00

然后再做

this.m20 = this.m00 * f20 + this.m10 * f21 + this.m20 * f22

使用您刚刚修改的this.m00.您以类似的方式执行了几次.示例代码以相反的方式执行此操作，这意味着最终结果是不同的.交换代码块，一切都应该没问题.我希望LWJGL很快会决定重新添加线性代数类！

using the this.m00 you just modified. You do this a couple of times in a similar way. The example code does this the other way around, which means the end result is different. Swap the code blocks and all should be fine. I hope LWJGL will soon decide to add the linear algebra classes back in!

这篇关于在现代的OpenGL中旋转立方体...看起来很奇怪的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

查看全文
相关文章
其他开发最新文章
热门教程
热门工具
登录 关闭
扫码关注1秒登录
发送“验证码”获取 | 15天全站免登陆