可视化决策树(来自scikit-learn的示例) [英] Visualizing a decision tree ( example from scikit-learn )

问题描述

我是使用sciki-learn的菜鸟，所以请多多包涵.

I'm a noob in using sciki-learn so please bear with me.

我正在查看示例: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/tree.html#tree

>>> from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
>>> from sklearn import tree
>>> iris = load_iris()
>>> clf = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier()
>>> clf = clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
>>> from StringIO import StringIO
>>> out = StringIO()
>>> out = tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file=out)

显然，graphiz文件已可以使用.

Apparently the graphiz file is ready for use.

但是如何使用graphiz文件绘制树? (该示例未详细说明如何绘制树).

But how do I draw the tree using the graphiz file? (the example did not go into details as to how the tree is drawn).

非常欢迎示例代码和提示！

Example code and tips are more than welcomed!

谢谢！

更新

我正在使用ubuntu 12.04，Python 2.7.3

I'm using ubuntu 12.04, Python 2.7.3

推荐答案

您在哪个操作系统上运行?您是否已安装graphviz?

Which OS do you run? Do you have graphviz installed?

在您的示例中，StringIO()对象包含graphviz数据，这是一种检查数据的方法:

In your example, StringIO() object, holds graphviz data, here is one way to check the data:

...
>>> print out.getvalue()

digraph Tree {
0 [label="X[2] <= 2.4500\nerror = 0.666667\nsamples = 150\nvalue = [ 50.  50.  50.]", shape="box"] ;
1 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 50\nvalue = [ 50.   0.   0.]", shape="box"] ;
0 -> 1 ;
2 [label="X[3] <= 1.7500\nerror = 0.5\nsamples = 100\nvalue = [  0.  50.  50.]", shape="box"] ;
0 -> 2 ;
3 [label="X[2] <= 4.9500\nerror = 0.168038\nsamples = 54\nvalue = [  0.  49.   5.]", shape="box"] ;
2 -> 3 ;
4 [label="X[3] <= 1.6500\nerror = 0.0407986\nsamples = 48\nvalue = [  0.  47.   1.]", shape="box"] ;
3 -> 4 ;
5 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 47\nvalue = [  0.  47.   0.]", shape="box"] ;
4 -> 5 ;
6 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 1\nvalue = [ 0.  0.  1.]", shape="box"] ;
4 -> 6 ;
7 [label="X[3] <= 1.5500\nerror = 0.444444\nsamples = 6\nvalue = [ 0.  2.  4.]", shape="box"] ;
3 -> 7 ;
8 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 3\nvalue = [ 0.  0.  3.]", shape="box"] ;
7 -> 8 ;
9 [label="X[0] <= 6.9500\nerror = 0.444444\nsamples = 3\nvalue = [ 0.  2.  1.]", shape="box"] ;
7 -> 9 ;
10 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 2\nvalue = [ 0.  2.  0.]", shape="box"] ;
9 -> 10 ;
11 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 1\nvalue = [ 0.  0.  1.]", shape="box"] ;
9 -> 11 ;
12 [label="X[2] <= 4.8500\nerror = 0.0425331\nsamples = 46\nvalue = [  0.   1.  45.]", shape="box"] ;
2 -> 12 ;
13 [label="X[0] <= 5.9500\nerror = 0.444444\nsamples = 3\nvalue = [ 0.  1.  2.]", shape="box"] ;
12 -> 13 ;
14 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 1\nvalue = [ 0.  1.  0.]", shape="box"] ;
13 -> 14 ;
15 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 2\nvalue = [ 0.  0.  2.]", shape="box"] ;
13 -> 15 ;
16 [label="error = 0.0000\nsamples = 43\nvalue = [  0.   0.  43.]", shape="box"] ;
12 -> 16 ;
}

您可以将其写为 .dot文件并产生图像输出，如您链接的源所示:

you can write it as .dot file and produce image output, as showed in source you linked:

$ dot -Tpng tree.dot -o tree.png(PNG格式输出)

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