带有上标的matplotlib刻度轴表示法 [英] matplotlib tick axis notation with superscript

问题描述

我想在频率上绘制一些图.我想有一个带有上标符号的x轴，例如此处. 另外，我还需要带有垂直注释的垂直线，分别将千赫和兆赫兹分开.

I would like to produce some plot over the frequencies. I want to have an x-axis with superscript notation like in here. In addition I need vertical lines with vertical annotation separate kilo and mega Hz.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
band = np.linspace(0,10**12,100)
y = band

plt.plot(band,y)
plt.xlabel('Frequencies')

plt.vlines(10**3, min(y), max(y),colors = 'black', label = 'kilo Hz')
plt.vlines(10**6, min(y), max(y),colors = 'black', label = 'mega Hz')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

我尝试使用 ticker ，但无法计算弄清楚如何设置它.我尝试遵循一些示例，但出现了类似AttributeError: 'Figure' object has no attribute 'ticklabel_format'的错误 已经花了很多时间，不知道如何前进.

I tried use ticker but can't figure it out how to set up it. I tried to follow some examples but got error like AttributeError: 'Figure' object has no attribute 'ticklabel_format' Already spend quite a lot of time on it and don't know how to move forward.

与plt.xscale('log')相比，通常我需要以类似的方式设置x轴的格式，但是我想保持线性比例.

In general I need the x-axis formatted in the similar way, than if plt.xscale('log') but I want to keep linear scale.

推荐答案

您可以将刻度线定义为字符串并为其分配这些标记:

You can define the tick-marks as strings and assign those:

mport numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
band = np.linspace(0,10**12,100)
y = band

plt.plot(band,y)
plt.xlabel("Frequencies")

plt.vlines(10**3, min(y), max(y),colors = 'black', label = 'kilo Hz')
plt.vlines(10**6, min(y), max(y),colors = 'black', label = 'mega Hz')

string_labels = []
for i in range(0,len(y),10):
    string_labels.append(r"$10^{%02d}$" % (i/10.0))

plt.xticks(np.linspace(0,10**12,10),string_labels)

plt.legend()
plt.show()

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