将音频文件流传输到网站用户/收听者的最佳方法是什么 [英] What is the best way to stream a audio file to website users/listeners
问题描述
我正在开发一个音乐站点，该站点将流存储在服务器中的音频文件流传输给用户，音频文件将通过放置在网页中的Flash Player播放.
I'm developing a music site which will stream audio files stored in a server to users, audio files will be played through flash player placed in a webpage..
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我听说我需要使用流媒体服务器来流式传输音频文件(大小从2mb到3mb).
As I heard I need to use a streaming media server for streaming audio files ( like 2mb to 3mb in size).. Do I need to use one?
我找到了一些流媒体服务器软件，例如 http://www.icecast.org -但在其文档中，使用了它用于流媒体广播电台和实时流媒体的目的，但是我只需要更快，更小尺寸(低带宽)的高质量音频流即可.
I found some streaming media server softwares like http://www.icecast.org - but as in their documentation, It is used for streaming radio stations and live streaming purposes, but I just need to stream audio files faster and in low size (low bandwidth) with good quality..
我听说我需要先对音频文件进行编码，然后再将其发送给侦听器，最后需要对音频文件再次进行解码.真的吗?我怎样才能做到这一点?如果需要使用特殊的Web服务器，应该在哪里托管文件?有好的托管服务提供商吗?
I heard I need to encode the audio files first and then send them to listeners and in their end audio files need to be decoded again. Is that true? How can I do that? if I need to use a special web server, where should I host my files? Any good hosting providers?
如果我将音频文件托管在普通的Web服务器中，它们将使用HTTP或TCP将我的音频文件传递给用户/列表器，但我发现HTTP和TCP并不是用于多媒体目的的好方法，例如流音频和视频文件，它们用于传递HTML和其他内容.我发现应该使用RSTP或UDP来流式传输音频文件.我应该使用什么?
if I host audio files in a normal web server, they will use HTTP or TCP to deliver my audio files to users/ listners but I found that HTTP and TCP are not good ways to use for multi media purposes like streaming audio and video files, and they are used for delivering HTML and stuff. I found I should use RSTP or UDP for streaming audio files.. What should I use?
我知道.MP3文件的质量比其他格式好得多，但它也为音频文件提供了巨大的尺寸..我应该对音频文件使用哪种格式?
I know that .MP3 files has much better quality than the other formats but it also gives huge size to the audio files.. which format should I use for audio files?
大多数质量最好的音频文件都超过7mb，因此我计划使用软件将其转换为自己的文件，这样我就可以获得质量较好的小尺寸文件.如果我要转换音频文件，应该对文件使用什么好 BITRATE ?
Most of the best quality audio files are more than 7mb so I'm planning to convert them my self using a software so I could get low size files with some level of good quality. If I'm converting my audio files what is the good BITRATE I should use for my files?
任何已知的最佳软件，可在保持音频转换的同时转换音频文件 质量处于良好水平?
Any known best softwares for converting audio files while keeping quality in a good level?
注意**-我知道在站点开始时我不需要复杂的要求，但是我想知道它们用于soundcloud.com的最佳方法
Note** - I know that I will not need complex requirements at the beginning of the site but I want to know the best ways like they are using for soundcloud.com
推荐答案
以下是某人的回复，该人实际上是一家广播电台的播音员，是音频技术人员和网络设计师.以下是收集的知识 从超过5000个小时的最新研究中！
Here´s a reply from someone who actually runs a shoutcast radio station, is an audio-technician and web-designer. Below is knowledge gathered from over 5000 hours of up-to-date research !
6)
- 音频软件?
您需要具有能够执行以下操作的软件
You need to have software that can:
- 转换为其他比特率和格式
- 将所有mp3的音频音量标准化为相同的标准化"电平. (-1 dB)
- 在开始和/或结束时保持沉默.
- 均衡音频，听起来不错.
- 添加效果，混合...等
最好，最常用，非常可靠且免费"的是大胆"
Best,most-used, very solid and FREE is "Audacity"
5)
- 好的比特率?
如果比特率很高，则连接速度较慢的听众会遭受"bufferunderuns"的困扰 即:音频中的振铃音/短音中断导致它们的连接无法跟上(达到高速)的速度.
If the bitrate is to high your listeners on slower connections wil suffer from "bufferunderuns" ie: hickups / short breaks in the audio cause their connection cant keep up with the (to high) speed.
如果它太低，那么质量不好.
If its to low then the quality is no good.
最好的选择是128 kb/s，这听起来不错，并且不会造成大多数情况下的欠载.
Best choice is 128 kb/s it sounds good and wont cause underruns for most.
最好的格式是Mp3，因为它可以被大多数播放器和广播提供商所处理.
Best format is Mp3 since its the format that can be handled by most players and shoutcast-providers.
使用高于您的平均文件大小的4分钟曲目将约为4 Mb.
Using above your average filesize for a 4 Min track will be around 4 Mb.
由于Mp3 @ 128kb/s是最受欢迎的，您将获得最佳的价格/质量优惠 来自shoutcast服务器提供商.
Since Mp3 @ 128kb/s is the most popular you will get the best price/quality-deal from a shoutcast server provider .
5b)
- 音频标记?
您确实忘记了那个.
您需要确保音频文件带有标签"，即: 播放器作为艺术家-标题"信息不是从文件名中获取的，而是从(iD1/iD3)标签"中获取的
You need to make sure to have your audio-files "Tagged" ie: what is displayed in the players as "Artist - Title" information is not taken from the filename..but instead from the (iD1/iD3) "Tag"
最好，最常用，非常可靠和免费的软件是:"mp3tag" 它也可以批量"播放(一次播放1000 mp3)
Best, most used, very solid and FREE software is: "mp3tag" it can do "Bulk" also (a 1000 mp3´s at once)
4)
- 编解码器?
您按照上述"Mp3 @ 128 kb/s"的格式将文件上传到服务器 由于它是最常用的格式，因此所有玩家都可以播放.
You upload your files to a server in the format described above "Mp3 @ 128 kb/s" since its the most used format all players can play it.
确保以与服务器输出相同的格式(以上)上载 这将使服务器上的处理器负载保持(重要的)低水平(不需要进行转换).
Make sure you upload in the same format (above) as the output of the server this will keep a (important) low processor-load on your server (it wont need to convert).
Shoutcast服务器(或其他流服务器)将带走您单独的mp3并将其转换 一个单一的实时流，它将为多个侦听器(100个)创建多个流. 它还将为您提供统计信息(听众人数，从哪里开始，现在播放，之前播放)
A Shoutcast-server (or other streamserver) will take take your separate mp3´s and convert them into one single realtime stream, it will create multiple streams to multiple listeners (100´s). It will also provide you with statistics (nr of listeners,from where,now playing,played before)
听众可以通过两种方式播放它:
A listener can play it 2 ways:
a-来自嵌入在您网站上的嵌入式播放器. b-或通过单击网站上的链接来打开任何(独立)播放器中的视频流 您的访客已安装(Winamp，WindowsMediaPlayer，Realplayer，Quicktime，iTunes ...等) 一个独立的将提供最好的质量，因为它将具有更多/更好的音频控制(均衡器...等)
a-From a embedded player embedded on your website. b-Or by clicking a link on your websit which will open your stream in any (standalone) player your visitor has installed ( Winamp, WindowsMediaPlayer, Realplayer, Quicktime, iTunes...etc) A standalone will give best quality because it will have more/better audiocontrols (equalizer...etc)
最佳做法是同时提供嵌入式播放器和简单的可点击链接. 至少检查20个广播电台的网站(专业人士和业余爱好者) 看看他们是如何做到的.
Best practice is to offer BOTH a embedded player and a simple clickable link. check out at least 20 radio-station-websites (both professional and amateurs) to see how they do it.
最好的，现在免费的嵌入式播放器是"jPlayer" 因为它具有双模式(HTML5/Flash)，所以ALL BROWSERS和ALL MOBILES都可以播放它. 并通过论坛，教程等很好地支持了
Best , and free embedded-player right now is "jPlayer" because its dual-mode (HTML5 / Flash) so ALL BROWSERS and ALL MOBILES will play it. and its very well supported with a forum,tutorials...etc
2)
- 托管服务提供商?
针对"Shoutcast流媒体"或"Shoutcast服务器"的Google 比较其中20种产品的最佳价格/质量...使用Google再次进行搜索.
Google for "Shoutcast streaming" or "Shoutcast server" compare 20 of them for best price / quality...research them again using Google.
他们将拥有特殊的直播软件(基于网络)，例如"Centova" 您可以从任何浏览器控制它，也可以流式传输到它...或创建在睡眠时无人看管的播放列表("autodj") 您可以创建多个播放列表，以便它们可以在特定的时间/天/随机播放等等.
They will have special shoutcast software (webbased) such as "Centova" you control it from any browser, you can stream live to it...or create playlists that play unattended from the server while you sleep ("autodj") You can create multiple playlists such that they will play at certain times/days/random...etc.
您只能基于autodj播放列表创建整个电台 这样您就不必担心自己的上传连接中断 您可以关闭自己的电脑.
You could create your whole station based on autodj playlists only like that you will not have to worry about your own upload-connection interrupting and you can shutoff your own pc.
对于autodj，您需要具有至少5 Gb存储(mp3´s)的shoutcast服务 可以为您提供大约3-4天的音乐，而无需重复播放...巧妙地使用播放列表 并考虑到收听者平均会在特定时间收听30分钟到2个小时之间的声音，..您可以确保他们不会一直听到相同的曲目.
For autodj you want a shoutcast service with at least 5 Gb storage (mp3´s) that will give you around 3 to 4 days music without repeats...using the playlists in a clever way and taking into account that listeners will on average listen between 30 mins and 2 hours at certain times,..you can make sure that they will not hear the same tracks all the time.
如果您坚持要从OWN计算机(直接或通过流服务器提供商)进行实时"(实时)广播(流式传输)，则最常用的软件是"Sam广播器".
If you insist to do "live" (realtime) broadcast (streaming) from your OWN computer (directly or via a stream-server-provider then most used software is "Sam broadcaster"
就是这样...从一个好的Shoutcast服务器提供商开始，然后构建您的网站并创建指向该流的可单击链接，然后再执行嵌入式播放器.
That is it...start with a good Shoutcast server provider, then built your website and create a clickable link to the stream, after that you do the embedded player.
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