PHP如何为变量分配和释放内存? [英] How does PHP assign and free memory for variables?

问题描述

我想知道PHP何时释放用于变量的内存

例如

function foo(){
  $foo = 'data';
  return $foo;  // <- is the memory space for `$foo` emptied at this point?
}

是否慢于:

function foo(){
  return 'data'; 
}

?

解决方案

好吧，让我们找出答案！

<?php
$checkpoints = array( 'start' => memory_get_usage() );

$checkpoints['before defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage();
function demo1() { $foo = 'data'; return $foo; }
$checkpoints['after defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage();
function demo2() { return 'data'; }
$checkpoints['after defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage();


$checkpoints['before calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage();
demo1();
$checkpoints['after calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage();
demo2();
$checkpoints['after calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();
$storage1 = demo1();
$checkpoints['after calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();
$storage2 = demo2();
$checkpoints['after calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();

echo '<pre>';
print_r($checkpoints);

$last_key = 'start';
foreach($checkpoints as $key => $value) {
    echo "{$key} - {$last_key} = ", ($value - $checkpoints[$last_key]), "\n";
    $last_key = $key;
}

在PHP 5.3.6下，我的输出是:

Array
(
    [start] => 321920
    [before defining demo1] => 322188
    [after defining demo1] => 322788
    [before defining demo2] => 322880
    [after defining demo2] => 323188
    [before calling demo1] => 323280
    [after calling demo1] => 323368
    [before calling demo2] => 323464
    [after calling demo2] => 323552
    [before calling demo1 with storage] => 323692
    [after calling demo1 with storage] => 323896
    [before calling demo2 with storage] => 324000
    [after calling demo2 with storage] => 324204
)

然后

start - start = 0
before defining demo1 - start = 268
after defining demo1 - before defining demo1 = 600
before defining demo2 - after defining demo1 = 92
after defining demo2 - before defining demo2 = 308
before calling demo1 - after defining demo2 = 92
after calling demo1 - before calling demo1 = 88
before calling demo2 - after calling demo1 = 96
after calling demo2 - before calling demo2 = 88
before calling demo1 with storage - after calling demo2 = 140
after calling demo1 with storage - before calling demo1 with storage = 204
before calling demo2 with storage - after calling demo1 with storage = 104
after calling demo2 with storage - before calling demo2 with storage = 204

在第一次调用demo1和demo2并丢弃输出的过程中，内存增加很可能是由于创建了存储内存使用量的变量所致.

但是，最重要的是这两个存储示例，在这两个存储示例中，直接返回数据并在将其返回之前将其分配给变量会导致给定数据使用相同的精确内存. >

结论:在这个简单的测试中，PHP似乎足够聪明，不必不必要地复制字符串变量-尽管确实要注意两个函数之间的内存使用差异.仅声明demo1函数比声明demo2占用更多的内存.真的有几百个字节.

I was wondering when does PHP free the memory which is used for a variables

for example

function foo(){
  $foo = 'data';
  return $foo;  // <- is the memory space for `$foo` emptied at this point?
}

is it slower than:

function foo(){
  return 'data'; 
}

?

解决方案

Well, let's find out!

<?php
$checkpoints = array( 'start' => memory_get_usage() );

$checkpoints['before defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage();
function demo1() { $foo = 'data'; return $foo; }
$checkpoints['after defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage();
function demo2() { return 'data'; }
$checkpoints['after defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage();


$checkpoints['before calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage();
demo1();
$checkpoints['after calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage();
demo2();
$checkpoints['after calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();
$storage1 = demo1();
$checkpoints['after calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();

$checkpoints['before calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();
$storage2 = demo2();
$checkpoints['after calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage();

echo '<pre>';
print_r($checkpoints);

$last_key = 'start';
foreach($checkpoints as $key => $value) {
    echo "{$key} - {$last_key} = ", ($value - $checkpoints[$last_key]), "\n";
    $last_key = $key;
}

Under PHP 5.3.6, my output is:

Array
(
    [start] => 321920
    [before defining demo1] => 322188
    [after defining demo1] => 322788
    [before defining demo2] => 322880
    [after defining demo2] => 323188
    [before calling demo1] => 323280
    [after calling demo1] => 323368
    [before calling demo2] => 323464
    [after calling demo2] => 323552
    [before calling demo1 with storage] => 323692
    [after calling demo1 with storage] => 323896
    [before calling demo2 with storage] => 324000
    [after calling demo2 with storage] => 324204
)

and then

start - start = 0
before defining demo1 - start = 268
after defining demo1 - before defining demo1 = 600
before defining demo2 - after defining demo1 = 92
after defining demo2 - before defining demo2 = 308
before calling demo1 - after defining demo2 = 92
after calling demo1 - before calling demo1 = 88
before calling demo2 - after calling demo1 = 96
after calling demo2 - before calling demo2 = 88
before calling demo1 with storage - after calling demo2 = 140
after calling demo1 with storage - before calling demo1 with storage = 204
before calling demo2 with storage - after calling demo1 with storage = 104
after calling demo2 with storage - before calling demo2 with storage = 204

It's very likely that the memory increase during the initial calls to demo1 and demo2 that discard the output is due to the creation of variables to store memory use.

However, the bottom line here is the two storage examples, where both returning data directly and assigning it to a variable before returning it resulted in the same exact memory use for the given data.

Conclusion: PHP seems smart enough in this simple test to not needlessly copy string variables -- though do keep an eye on the memory use difference between the two functions. Just declaring the demo1 function took more memory that declaring demo2. A few hundred bytes, really.

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