将Singleton实现为元类，但用于抽象类 [英] Implementing Singleton as metaclass, but for abstract classes

问题描述

我有一个抽象类，我想为从我的抽象类继承的所有类实现Singleton模式.我知道我的代码将无法正常工作，因为将存在元类属性冲突.有什么想法可以解决这个问题吗?

I have an abstract class and I would like to implement Singleton pattern for all classes that inherit from my abstract class. I know that my code won't work because there will be metaclass attribute conflict. Any ideas how to solve this?

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty

class Singleton(type):
    _instances = {}
    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in cls._instances:
            cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instances[cls]

class GenericLogger(object):
    __metaclass__ = ABCMeta

    @abstractproperty
    def SearchLink(self): pass

class Logger(GenericLogger):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

    @property
    def SearchLink(self): return ''

a = Logger()

推荐答案

创建ABCMeta的子类:

class SingletonABCMeta(ABCMeta):
    _instances = {}
    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in cls._instances:
            cls._instances[cls] = super(SingletonABCMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instances[cls]


class GenericLogger(object):
    __metaclass__ = SingletonABCMeta

    @abstractproperty
    def SearchLink(self): pass


class Logger(GenericLogger):  
    @property
    def SearchLink(self): return ''

元类的工作方式与常规类相同；您仍然可以创建子类并扩展其功能. ABCMeta本身并没有定义__call__方法，因此添加一个是安全的.

Metaclasses work just like regular classes; you can still create subclasses and extend their functionality. ABCMeta doesn't itself define a __call__ method, so it is safe to add one.

演示:

>>> from abc import ABCMeta, abstractproperty
>>> class SingletonABCMeta(ABCMeta):
...     _instances = {}
...     def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
...         if cls not in cls._instances:
...             cls._instances[cls] = super(SingletonABCMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
...         return cls._instances[cls]
...
>>> class GenericLogger(object):
...     __metaclass__ = SingletonABCMeta
...     @abstractproperty
...     def SearchLink(self): pass
...
>>> class Logger(GenericLogger):
...     @property
...     def SearchLink(self): return ''
...
>>> Logger()
<__main__.Logger object at 0x1012ace90>
>>> Logger()
<__main__.Logger object at 0x1012ace90>
>>> class IncompleteLogger(GenericLogger):
...     pass
...
>>> IncompleteLogger()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 5, in __call__
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class IncompleteLogger with abstract methods SearchLink

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