仅对定义了功能的类型在功能模板内执行功能 [英] Execute function inside function template only for those types that have the function defined
问题描述
我有一个函数模板,它接受许多不同类型的输入.在这些类型中,只有一种具有getInt()
函数.因此,我希望代码仅针对该类型运行该函数.请提出解决方案.谢谢
I have a function template which takes many different types as it's input. Out of those types only one of them has a getInt()
function. Hence I want the code to run the function only for that type. Please suggest a solution. Thanks
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeinfo>
class X {
public:
int getInt(){
return 9;
}
};
class Y{
};
template<typename T>
void f(T& v){
// error: 'class Y' has no member named 'getInt'
// also tried std::is_same<T, X>::value
if(typeid(T).name() == typeid(X).name()){
int i = v.getInt();// I want this to be called for X only
}
}
int main(){
Y y;
f(y);
}
推荐答案
如果您希望能够为具有函数成员getInt
的所有类型(而不仅仅是X
)调用函数f
,则可以声明函数f
的2个重载:
If you want to be able to call a function f
for all types that have function member getInt
, not just X
, you can declare 2 overloads for function f
:
-
用于具有
getInt
成员函数的类型,包括类X
for types that have
getInt
member function, including classX
用于所有其他类型,包括类Y
.
for all the other types, including class Y
.
C ++ 11/C ++ 17解决方案
请记住,您可以执行以下操作:
Having that in mind, you could do something like this:
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
template <typename, typename = void>
struct has_getInt : std::false_type {};
template <typename T>
struct has_getInt<T, std::void_t<decltype(((T*)nullptr)->getInt())>> : std::is_convertible<decltype(((T*)nullptr)->getInt()), int>
{};
class X {
public:
int getInt(){
return 9;
}
};
class Y {};
template <typename T,
typename std::enable_if<!has_getInt<T>::value, T>::type* = nullptr>
void f(T& v) {
// only for Y
std::cout << "Y" << std::endl;
}
template <typename T,
typename std::enable_if<has_getInt<T>::value, T>::type* = nullptr>
void f(T& v){
// only for X
int i = v.getInt();
std::cout << "X" << std::endl;
}
int main() {
X x;
f(x);
Y y;
f(y);
}
检查出来活.
请注意,C ++ 17中引入了 std::void_t
,但是如果您仅限于C ++ 11,那么单独实现void_t
真的很容易:
Please note that std::void_t
is introduced in C++17, but if you are limited to C++11, then it is really easy to implement void_t
on your own:
template <typename...>
using void_t = void;
和这里是C ++ 11版本活.
And here is C++11 version live.
我们在C ++ 20中拥有什么?
C ++ 20带来了很多好处,其中之一就是概念一个>.在C ++ 20中可以大大降低上述对C ++ 11/C ++ 14/C ++ 17有效的东西:
C++20 brings lots of good things and one of them is concepts. Above thing that's valid for C++11/C++14/C++17 can be significantly reduced in C++20:
#include <iostream>
#include <concepts>
template<typename T>
concept HasGetInt = requires (T& v) { { v.getInt() } -> std::convertible_to<int>; };
class X {
public:
int getInt(){
return 9;
}
};
class Y {};
template <typename T>
void f(T& v) {
// only for Y
std::cout << "Y" << std::endl;
}
template <HasGetInt T>
void f(T& v){
// only for X
int i = v.getInt();
std::cout << "X" << std::endl;
}
int main() {
X x;
f(x);
Y y;
f(y);
}
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