包含来自单独文件的Ruby类 [英] Including a Ruby class from a separate file

问题描述

一段时间以来，我一直在Ruby模块中包含整个类.显然，这不是我应该做的.看来，模块的重点是存储函数，然后可以将这些函数作为方法包含在新类中.

For a while I had been including an entire class inside of a Ruby module. Apparently this is not what I am supposed to do. It appears that the point of a module is to store functions which can then be included as methods in a new class.

我不要这个.我有一个要保存在单独文件中的类，可以从其他文件中访问该文件.我该怎么办?

I don't want this. I have a class that I want to keep in a separate file which I can access from other files. How can I do this?

谢谢.

推荐答案

模块具有双重作用，既可以作为函数的持有者，也可以作为名称空间.将类保留在模块中是完全可以接受的.要将类放在单独的文件中，只需照常定义该类，然后在要使用该类的文件中，只需将require 'name_of_file_with_class'放在顶部即可.例如，如果我在foo.rb中定义了类Foo，则在bar.rb中我将具有行require 'foo'.

Modules serve a dual purpose as a holder for functions and as a namespace. Keeping classes in modules is perfectly acceptable. To put a class in a separate file, just define the class as usual and then in the file where you wish to use the class, simply put require 'name_of_file_with_class' at the top. For instance, if I defined class Foo in foo.rb, in bar.rb I would have the line require 'foo'.

如果您使用的是Rails，这通常会自动发生

If you are using Rails, this include often happens automagically

澄清文件布局

#file: foo.rb
class Foo
  def initialize
    puts "foo"
  end
end

...

#file: bar.rb
require 'foo'

Foo.new

如果您在Rails中，请将这些类放在lib/中，并为类名的小写加底划线版本的文件使用命名约定，例如Foo-> foo.rb，FooBar-> foo_bar.rb等

If you are in Rails, put these classes in lib/ and use the naming convention for the files of lowercase underscored version of the class name, e.g. Foo -> foo.rb, FooBar -> foo_bar.rb, etc.

从Ruby版本1.9开始，您可以使用require_relative来要求相对于您正在编辑的文件的文件.

As of ruby version 1.9 you can use require_relative, to require files relatively to the file you are editing.

这篇关于包含来自单独文件的Ruby类的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！