Python:在祖父母目录中导入文件 [英] Python: Import file in grandparent directory

问题描述

层次结构:

scripts/
    web/
        script1.py
    tests/
        script2.py
common/
    utils.py

我将如何在脚本1和脚本2中导入utils，并且仍然能够分别运行这些脚本(即python script1.py).我将__init__.py文件放在哪里，这是解决此问题的正确方法吗?谢谢！

How would I import utils in script1 and script2, and still be able to run those scripts seperately (i.e., python script1.py). Where would I place the __init__.py files, and is that the correct way to go about this? Thank you!

推荐答案

package/
    __init__.py
    scripts/
        web/
            __init__.py
            script1.py
        tests/
            __init__.py
            script2.py
    common/
        __init__.py
        utils.py

我已将一堆空的__init__.py文件添加到您的程序包中.现在，您有2个选择，可以使用绝对导入:

I've added a bunch of empty __init__.py files to your package. Now you have 2 choices, you can use an absolute import:

 from package.common import utils

或等效地:

 import package.common.utils as utils

这里的缺点是package必须以某种方式位于PYTHONPATH上.另一个选择是使用相对导入:

The downside here is that package must somehow be on PYTHONPATH. The other option is to use relative imports:

from ....common import utils

我通常不鼓励这种方法...很难说出事情的来龙去脉(是4个周期还是6个周期?).

I would generally discourage this approach... It just gets too hard to tell where things are coming from (is that 4 periods or 6?).

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