如何在Word中使用VBA加快多个替换? [英] How to speed up multiple replacement using VBA in Word?

问题描述

我正在编写一个Word宏，该宏从Excel文件中读取大约1000个单词对，并相应地替换了Word文件.在一开始，我就使用下面的代码进行替换:

I'm writing a Word macro that reads about 1000 word pairs from an Excel file and does replacement accordingly for a Word file. At the very beginning I was using the code below for the replacement:

    Selection.Find.ClearFormatting
    Selection.Find.Replacement.ClearFormatting
    With Selection.Find
        .Text = SrcText
        .Replacement.Text = DestText
        .Forward = True
        .Wrap = wdFindContinue
        .Format = False
        .MatchCase = False
        .MatchWholeWord = False
        .MatchByte = False
        .MatchAllWordForms = False
        .MatchSoundsLike = False
        .MatchWildcards = False
        .MatchFuzzy = False
    End With
    Selection.Find.Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll

它可以工作，但是对于大型Word文件来说显得有些慢.然后，我尝试首先将整个内容读取到一个字符串变量中，并在其中找到它，然后在找到任何替换目标时更改Word文件(尽管我实际上不确定这样做会更快).

It worked but appeared a bit slow for large Word files. Then I tried to first read the whole content into a string variable, do finding there, then alter the Word file when any replacement target was found (although I'm actually not sure that this can be faster).

这样做时，我遇到了有点奇怪的不一致.例如，如果您在第一行中创建一个仅包含一个单元格表的Word文件:

When doing that I encountered a somewhat weird inconsistency. For example, if you create a Word file with only a single-cell table in the first row:

然后在VBA编辑器中，下面的代码将为您提供2.

then in the VBA editor, the code below will give you 2.

    Debug.Print Len(ActiveDocument.Characters(2))

我不知道是否还存在其他此类不一致之处并卡在那儿.

I don't know whether there exist other inconsistencies of this sort and got stuck there.

是否有任何解决方法，或者还有其他方法可以加快替换速度吗?

推荐答案

一开始，不要一遍又一遍地指定所有这些属性.除非您更改它们，否则它们不会更改.

For a start don't specify all those properties over and over again. Unless you change them they don't change.

With Selection.Find
    .ClearFormatting
    .Replacement.ClearFormatting
    .Forward = True
    .Wrap = wdFindContinue
    .Format = False
    .MatchCase = False
    .MatchWholeWord = False
    .MatchByte = False
    .MatchAllWordForms = False
    .MatchSoundsLike = False
    .MatchWildcards = False
    .MatchFuzzy = False

    For loop to go through each word pair
        .Text = SrcText
        .Replacement.Text = DestText
        .Find.Execute Replace:=wdReplaceAll
    Next

End With

最小点数

因此，如果您对性能感兴趣，请尽量减少点(每个点都是一个查找)，尤其是在循环中.

So if you are interested in performance minimise dots (each dot is a lookup), especially in loops.

有两种方法.一种是将要访问的对象设置为最低的对象.

There are two ways. One is to set objects to the lowest object if you are going to access more than once.

例如(较慢)

set xlapp = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
msgbox xlapp.worksheets(0).name 

(速度更快，因为每次使用对象时都会省略一个点)

(faster because you omitt a dot every time you use the object)

set xlapp = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
set wsheet = xlapp.worksheets(0)
msgbox wsheet.name

第二种方法是使用.一次只能有一个处于活动状态.

The second way is with. You can only have one with active at a time.

这会跳过100次查找.

This skips 100 lookups.

with wsheet
For x = 1 to 100
 msgbox .name
Next
end with

字符串合并

也不要一次将字符串连接到一个字符.从VBScript程序员那里可以看到这一点.要生成100个字符串，需要50,000个字节以及许多分配和释放.

And don't join strings one character at a time. See this from a VBScript programmer. It requires 50,000 bytes and many allocation and deallocation to make a 100 character string.

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2003/10/20/53248.aspx

阅读属性

请勿重新读取不会更改的属性，尤其是在进程中断或后期绑定时.将它们放入变量.

Don't reread properties that don't change especially if out of process or late bound. Put them into a variable.

对象类型

这里有两个概念-处理中或处理中以及早期或晚期绑定.

Two concepts here - in or out of process and early or late binding.

exefile已连接到进程外.所有呼叫都通过RPC(网络协议)封送. dllfile正在处理中，直接跳转就可以直接调用函数.

exefiles are connected to out of process. All calls are marshalled over RPC (a networking protocol). Dllfiles are in process and function calls are made direct with a jump.

早期绑定是set x = objecttype.编写程序时会查找功能.在执行时，程序会进行硬编码以跳转到该函数的vtable中存储的地址.

Early binding is set x = objecttype. Functions are looked up when you write the program. On execution the program is hard coded to jump to address stored in the vtable for that function.

将后期绑定设置为x = createobject("objecttype").每个函数调用都是这样的. 您好，您有打印命令吗".回答是"，命令号3". 对象，请您执行命令3". 当然，这就是结果."

Late binding is set x = createobject("objecttype"). Each function call goes like this. "Hi object do you have a print command". "Yes", it replies, "command number 3". "Hi object can you please do command number 3". "Sure, here's the result".

来自Visual Basic概念(帮助的一部分)

From Visual Basic Concepts (part of Help)

通过优化Visual Basic解析对象引用的方式，可以使Visual Basic应用程序运行得更快. Visual Basic处理对象引用的速度可能受以下因素影响:

You can make your Visual Basic applications run faster by optimizing the way Visual Basic resolves object references. The speed with which Visual Basic handles object references can be affected by:

ActiveX组件是否已实现为进程内服务器或进程外服务器.

Whether or not the ActiveX component has been implemented as an in-process server or an out-of-process server.

对象引用是早绑定还是后绑定.通常，如果某个组件已作为可执行文件(.exe文件)的一部分实现，则它是进程外服务器，并在其自己的进程中运行.如果已将其实现为动态链接库，则它是进程内服务器，并且与客户端应用程序在同一进程中运行.

Whether an object reference is early-bound or late-bound. In general, if a component has been implemented as part of an executable file (.exe file), it is an out-of-process server and runs in its own process. If it has been implemented as a dynamic-link library, it is an in-process server and runs in the same process as the client application.

使用进程内服务器的应用程序通常比使用进程外服务器的应用程序运行更快，因为应用程序不必跨越进程边界即可使用对象的属性，方法和事件.有关进程内和进程外服务器的更多信息，请参阅进程内和进程外服务器".

Applications that use in-process servers usually run faster than those that use out-of-process servers because the application doesn't have to cross process boundaries to use an object's properties, methods, and events. For more information about in-process and out-of-process servers, see "In-Process and Out-of-Process Servers."

如果对象引用使用声明为特定类变量的对象变量，则它们是早期绑定的.如果对象引用使用声明为通用Object类的变量的对象变量，则它们是后期绑定的.使用早期绑定变量的对象引用通常比使用后期绑定变量的对象引用运行得更快.

Object references are early-bound if they use object variables declared as variables of a specific class. Object references are late-bound if they use object variables declared as variables of the generic Object class. Object references that use early-bound variables usually run faster than those that use late-bound variables.

Excel特定

请参阅Microsoft人士提供的此链接.这是excel特有的，而不是VBA.自动计算和其他计算选项/屏幕更新等.

See this link from a Microsoft person. This is excel specific rather than VBA. Autocalc and other calc options/screenupdating etc.

http://blogs.office .com/2009/03/12/excel-vba-performance-coding-best-practices/

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