解决方案:Python3 Tkinter使用上一个和下一个按钮从一个窗口跳转到另一个窗口 [英] Solution: Python3 Tkinter Jump from one window to another with back and next buttons

问题描述

我一直在python3中研究tkinter，发现很难在网上找到好的文档和答案.为了帮助遇到同样问题的其他人，我决定发布一个似乎没有在线文档的简单问题的解决方案.

I've been studying tkinter in python3 and find it very hard to find good documentation and answers online. To help others struggling with the same problems I decided to post a solution for a simple problem that there seems to be no documentation for online.

问题:创建一个类似于向导的程序，向用户显示一系列窗口，用户可以单击下一步和后退-按钮在窗口之间移动.

Problem: Create a wizard-like program, that presents the user with a series of windows and the user can move between the windows clicking next and back - buttons.

解决方案是:

• 创建一个根窗口.
• 创建尽可能多的框架以向用户展示窗口.将所有框架附加到根窗口.
• 用所需的所有小部件填充每个框架.
• 所有帧填充完毕后，请使用grid_forget()方法隐藏每个帧，但不要隐藏第一帧，以使其成为可见的帧.框架上的所有子窗口小部件都将与框架一起隐藏.
• 当用户单击窗口上的下一步"或后退"按钮时，调用一个子例程，该子例程隐藏其他框架(使用grid_forget())并使所需的框架可见(使用grid()).
• 当您希望程序结束时，请对根窗口使用destroy-方法.

• Create one root window.
• Create as many frames as you have windows to present to the user. Attach all frames to the root window.
• Populate each frame with all the widgets it needs.
• When all the frames have been populated, hide each frame with the grid_forget() method but leave the first frame unhidden so that it becomes the visible one. All the child widgets on the frame will be hidden with the frame.
• When the user clicks on Next or Back buttons on a window, call a subroutine that hides other frames (with grid_forget()) and makes the one that is needed visible (with grid()).
• When you want the program to end, use the destroy - method for the root window.

因此，您将创建一个窗口并在其上显示不同的框架.

So you will be creating a single window and showing different frames on it.

(顺便说一句，开始学习tkinter的最佳位置是: http://www. tkdocs.com/tutorial/index.html )

(By the way, the best place to start studying tkinter is: http://www.tkdocs.com/tutorial/index.html)

这是Python3中的示例实现.它有3个简单的窗口，每个窗口都有一个文本标签和两个按钮，可在不同的窗口中导航.

Here is a sample implementation in Python3. It has 3 simple windows, each with a text label and two buttons to navigate through different windows.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#

# Creates three "windows" that the user can navigate through using Back and Next - buttons.

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk

def create_widgets_in_first_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    first_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(first_frame, text='Window 1')
    first_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    first_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    first_window_quit_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    first_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Next", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    first_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_second_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    second_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(second_frame, text='Window 2')
    second_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    second_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Back", command = call_first_frame_on_top)
    second_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    second_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Next", command = call_third_frame_on_top)
    second_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_third_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    third_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(third_frame, text='Window 3')
    third_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    third_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Back", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    third_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    third_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    third_window_quit_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def call_first_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called only from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the first window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_second_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called from the first and third windows.
    # Hide the first and third windows and show the second window.
    first_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid_forget()
    second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_third_frame_on_top():
    # This function can only be called from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the third window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def quit_program():
    root_window.destroy()

###############################
# Main program starts here :) #
###############################

# Create the root GUI window.
root_window = tkinter.Tk()

# Define window size
window_width = 200
window_heigth = 100

# Create frames inside the root window to hold other GUI elements. All frames must be created in the main program, otherwise they are not accessible in functions. 
first_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
first_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
first_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

second_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
second_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
second_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

third_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
third_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
third_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

# Create all widgets to all frames
create_widgets_in_third_frame()
create_widgets_in_second_frame()
create_widgets_in_first_frame()

# Hide all frames in reverse order, but leave first frame visible (unhidden).
third_frame.grid_forget()
second_frame.grid_forget()

# Start tkinter event - loop
root_window.mainloop()

推荐答案

由于您已经自由地将答案发布为问题.我想发表评论作为答案，并建议您应该为TkDocs做出贡献(单击其关于标签，然后他们谈论为网站做出贡献.

As you've taken the liberty to post an answer as a question. I'd like to post a comment as an answer and suggest that perhaps you should contribute this to TkDocs (click their About tab and they talk about contributing to the site).

我认为，最好将该站点改进为更多示例，而不是将其转换为食谱.我认为您也可以为有效状态食谱做出贡献，它们似乎是火炬的载体对于Tcl/Tk，所以Tkinter的东西在这里也很有意义.

I think it'd be better if that site were to improved with more examples than to turn this site into a cookbook. I think you can also contribute to the Active State recipes, and they seem to be the carriers of the torch for Tcl/Tk, so Tkinter stuff makes a lot of sense there too.

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