为什么不建议从Java程序创建.exe? [英] Why is creating an .exe from a java program not recommended?

问题描述

我正在学习有关使用Java进行GUI编程的知识，并且正在使用Netbeans IDE.我现在想创建一个在Netbeans外部运行的可执行程序.即可以在我的桌面上运行.

I am learning learn about GUI programming with Java, and I am using the Netbeans IDE. I would now like to create an executable program to run outside of Netbeans; i.e. so that it can be run from my desktop.

但是当我做一些研究时，我得到的印象是不建议从Java程序创建.exe.您能不能向我解释为什么不建议这样做?

But when I did some research, I got the impression that creating an .exe from Java program is not recommended. Would you please explain to me why it is not recommended?

推荐答案

不建议这样做，因为:

• 标准Java工具链不支持它.
• exe不可移植.不同的exe格式用于不同的操作系统，硬件体系结构等.
• 用于Java程序的独立的exe需要包含完整的JRE. (您是否要分发100Mb的"hello world"可执行文件?)
• 带有嵌入式JRE的Java exe是出于安全考虑.没有简单的方法来更新JRE ...以修复最新一批的安全漏洞.

• The standard Java tool chains do not support it.
• An exe is not portable. Different exe formats are used for different operating systems, hardware architectures, etcetera.
• A self-contained exe for a Java program needs to contain a full JRE. (Do you want to distribute 100Mb "hello world" executables?)
• A Java exe with an embedded JRE is a security concern. There is no easy way to update the JRE ... to fix the latest batch of security holes.

如果(假设地)Java语言，库和工具链支持编译为二进制+链接，那么分发exe文件将是一个明智的解决方案.但是，Java应用程序可以完成的很多事情都取决于标准Java的动态加载/JIT编译实现.

If (hypothetically) the Java language, libraries and tool chain supported compilation to binary + linking, then distributing exe files would be a sensible solution. However, a lot of things that a Java application can do depend on standard Java's dynamic loading / JIT compilation implementation.

曾经有/第三方试图满足人们对独立的exe文件的要求，但是您要么得到一个Java子集 ¹ ，要么就变成了膨胀的exe文件.

There have been / are third-party attempts to meet people's requirements for self-contained exe files, but your either end up with a Java subset¹, or bloated exe files.

^{1-例如，对于旧的GNU gcj编译器，该库是Java 2(！)...的子集，并且(AFAIK)不能动态加载字节码.有关gcj限制的详细信息，请参见此页面}

^{1 - For example, with the old GNU gcj compiler, the library was a subset of Java 2 (!) ... and (AFAIK) dynamic loading of bytecodes was not an option. For more information on gcj limitations, see this page.}

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