如何使用Python 3在Windows上连接到WiFi网络? [英] How to connect to WiFi network on Windows using Python 3?

问题描述

我正在尝试用Python 3编写脚本，但是今天可用的所有模块都可以在python 2上运行，这将使我能够搜索无线网络并连接到它们.是否有任何Python 3库?

I am trying to write a script in Python 3 but all modules available today work on python 2 which will enable me to search for wireless networks and to connect to them. Is there any Python 3 library for this?

我为python 2尝试过的代码

The code I tried for python 2

from wireless import Wireless
wireless = Wireless()
wireless.connect(ssid='ssid', password='password')

这给我一个错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\Himanshu Poddar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\wireless\Wireless.py", line 23, in __init__
    self._driver_name = self._detectDriver()
  File "C:\Users\Himanshu Poddar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\wireless\Wireless.py", line 50, in _detectDriver
    compare = self.vercmp(ver, "0.9.9.0")
  File "C:\Users\Himanshu Poddar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\wireless\Wireless.py", line 71, in vercmp
    return cmp(normalize(actual), normalize(test))
NameError: name 'cmp' is not defined

但是这不起作用，因为它基于python2.有没有办法使用Python 3连接到wifi?

But this is not working since it is based on python 2. Is there any way to connect to a wifi using Python 3

推荐答案

注释(大约 [PyPI]:无线0.3.2 ]):

• 不(尚未)支持 Python 3 :因为它在代码中的某处使用了 cmp 函数(仅在 Python 2 中可用)
  • 我想提交一个拉取请求(因为修复很简单)，但是显然在 GitHub 上它已经修复，但是 PyPI 存储库未更新(因为2016)
  • Does not (yet) support Python 3: as somewhere in the code it uses the cmp function (which is only available in Python 2)
    • I wanted to submit a pull request (as the fix is trivial), but apparently on GitHub it was already fixed, yet the PyPI repository was not updated (since 2016)

    因此，我建议寻找替代方案:

    As a consequence, I'd suggest looking for alternatives:

    • 几天前我遇到的一个是 Win32Wifi :( [SO]:无法获取使用Python中所有WlanGetAvailableNetworkList的所有可用网络(@CristiFati的答案)以获取更多详细信息(还可以检查
    • One that I've encountered a couple of days ago is Win32Wifi: ([PyPI]: win32wifi 0.1.0, although this wasn't updated since 2017 either). Check [SO]: Unable to get all available networks using WlanGetAvailableNetworkList in Python (@CristiFati's answer) for more details (might also check [SO]: Force wifi scan using WlanScan in Python (@CristiFati's answer))

    好的，经过大量浏览:

    • Win32Wifi 源代码
    • Google :
      • [MS.Docs]:wlanapi.h标头
      • [CodePlex.Archive]:托管WiFi
      • Win32Wifi source code
      • Google:
        • [MS.Docs]: wlanapi.h header
        • [CodePlex.Archive]: managedwifi
        • [MS.Docs]: Netsh Commands for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) in Windows Server 2008
        • Many others

        ，我能够提出一些建议.

        , I was able to come up with something.

        code00.py :

        #!/usr/bin/env python3
        
        import sys
        import time
        import ctypes
        import comtypes
        import traceback
        from win32wifi import Win32Wifi as ww
        
        
        ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
        
        WLAN_CONNECTION_HIDDEN_NETWORK = 0x00000001
        
        
        class WLANException(Exception): pass
        
        
        class ConnectCallbackContext(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = [
                ("guid", ctypes.c_wchar_p),
                ("start", ctypes.c_byte),
                ("end", ctypes.c_byte),
                ("fail", ctypes.c_byte),
            ]
        
        
        def _wlan_connect_callback(data, context_addr):
            if context_addr:
                context = ConnectCallbackContext.from_address(context_addr)
                if str(data.interfaceGuid) == context.guid and data.notificationSource == ww.WLAN_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_DICT[ww.WLAN_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_ACM]:
                    if data.notificationCode == ww.WLAN_NOTIFICATION_ACM_ENUM.wlan_notification_acm_connection_start.name:
                        context.start += 1
                    elif context.start:
                        if data.notificationCode == ww.WLAN_NOTIFICATION_ACM_ENUM.wlan_notification_acm_connection_complete.name:
                            context.end += 1
                        elif data.notificationCode == ww.WLAN_NOTIFICATION_ACM_ENUM.wlan_notification_acm_connection_attempt_fail.name:
                            context.fail += 1
        
        
        def wireless_connect(
                ssid,
                password,
                timeout=15,  # secs
                authentication="WPA2PSK",  # "open", 
                encryption="AES",  # "WEP",
                key_type="passPhrase",  # "networkKey", 
                interface_index=0,  # Don't modify this (until PCs with more than 1 WLAN adapter arise :) )
            ):
            interfaces = ww.getWirelessInterfaces()
            if interface_index < 0 or len(interfaces) < interface_index:
                raise WLANException(-1, "No WLAN interface for given index")
            interface = interfaces[interface_index]
            profile_name = ssid + "_profile_tmp"
            ssid_hex = "".join((hex(ord(c))[2:] for c in ssid)).upper()
            profile_string = f"""<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>
                <WLANProfile xmlns=\"http://www.microsoft.com/networking/WLAN/profile/v1\">
                    <name>{profile_name}</name>
                    <SSIDConfig>
                        <SSID>
                            <hex>{ssid_hex}</hex>
                            <name>{ssid}</name>
                        </SSID>
                    </SSIDConfig>
                    <connectionType>ESS</connectionType>
                    <connectionMode>manual</connectionMode>
                    <MSM>
                        <security>
                            <authEncryption>
                                <authentication>{authentication}</authentication>
                                <encryption>{encryption}</encryption>
                                <useOneX>false</useOneX>
                            </authEncryption>
                            <sharedKey>
                                <keyType>{key_type}</keyType>
                                <protected>false</protected>
                                <keyMaterial>{password}</keyMaterial>
                            </sharedKey>
                        </security>
                    </MSM>
                </WLANProfile>
            """
            connection_params = {
                "connectionMode": "wlan_connection_mode_temporary_profile",
                "profile": profile_string,
                "ssid": None,
                "bssidList": None,
                "bssType": "dot11_BSS_type_infrastructure",
                "flags": WLAN_CONNECTION_HIDDEN_NETWORK,
            }
        
            ctx = ConnectCallbackContext(interface.guid_string, 0, 0, 0)
            notification_obj = ww.registerNotification(_wlan_connect_callback, context=ctypes.pointer(ctx))
        
            try:
                res = ww.connect(interface, connection_params)
            except Exception as e:
                ww.unregisterNotification(notification_obj)
                raise WLANException("WlanConnect failed") from e
        
            end_time = time.time() + timeout;
            while time.time() < end_time:
                time.sleep(0.5)
                if ctx.end:
                    break
            ww.unregisterNotification(notification_obj)
            if ctx.end:
                if ctx.fail:
                    raise WLANException(-2, "Connection failed")
            else:
                raise WLANException(-3, "Connection timed out")
            return interface.guid_string
        
        
        def wireless_disconnect(interface_guid):  # Borrowed (and improved) this func from win32wifi.Win32Wifi, to avoid creting the interface when only its guid is required
            handle = ww.WlanOpenHandle()
            try:
                ww.WlanDisconnect(handle, comtypes.GUID(interface_guid))
            except Exception as e:
                raise WLANException("WlanDisconnect failed") from e
            finally:
                ww.WlanCloseHandle(handle)
        
        
        def main(argv):
            if argv:
                try:
                    guid = argv[0]
                    print("Disconnecting wireless interface {:s} ...".format(guid))
                    wireless_disconnect(guid)
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc()
            else:
                try:
                    print("Connecting to wireless network ...")
                    ssid = "Network SSID"  # ssid and pwd here are (deliberately) dummy
                    pwd = "Network password"
                    guid = wireless_connect(ssid, pwd)
                    print("Connected interface {:s}".format(guid))
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc()
        
        
        if __name__ == "__main__":
            print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
            main(sys.argv[1:])
            print("\nDone.")
        

        script.bat :

        setlocal enableextensions enabledelayedexpansion
        
        set _EXE_PTYHON="e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.07.06_test0\Scripts\python.exe"
        
        time <nul
        
        ping www.google.com
        
        %_EXE_PTYHON% code00.py
        ping www.google.com
        
        %_EXE_PTYHON% code00.py {0C58E048-BC0B-4D5F-A21F-FCD4E4B31806}
        ping www.google.com
        
        time <nul
        

        输出:

        [cfati@CFATI-5510-0:e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q056721759]> sopr.bat
        *** Set shorter prompt to better fit when pasted in StackOverflow (or other) pages ***
        
        [prompt]> script.bat
        
        [prompt]> time  0<nul
        The current time is:  1:45:08.31
        Enter the new time:
        [prompt]> ping www.google.com
        Ping request could not find host www.google.com. Please check the name and try again.
        
        [prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.07.06_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code00.py
        Python 3.7.6 (tags/v3.7.6:43364a7ae0, Dec 19 2019, 00:42:30) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
        
        Connecting to wireless network ...
        Connected interface {0C58E048-BC0B-4D5F-A21F-FCD4E4B31806}
        
        Done.
        
        [prompt]> ping www.google.com
        
        Pinging www.google.com [2a00:1450:400d:809::2004] with 32 bytes of data:
        Reply from 2a00:1450:400d:809::2004: time=11ms
        Reply from 2a00:1450:400d:809::2004: time=12ms
        Reply from 2a00:1450:400d:809::2004: time=12ms
        Reply from 2a00:1450:400d:809::2004: time=19ms
        
        Ping statistics for 2a00:1450:400d:809::2004:
            Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
        Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
            Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 13ms
        
        [prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.07.06_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code00.py {0C58E048-BC0B-4D5F-A21F-FCD4E4B31806}
        Python 3.7.6 (tags/v3.7.6:43364a7ae0, Dec 19 2019, 00:42:30) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
        
        Disconnecting wireless interface {0C58E048-BC0B-4D5F-A21F-FCD4E4B31806} ...
        
        Done.
        
        [prompt]> ping www.google.com
        Ping request could not find host www.google.com. Please check the name and try again.
        
        [prompt]> time  0<nul
        The current time is:  1:45:12.82
        Enter the new time:
        

        注释:

        • 为了创建 POC ，我必须添加一些与问题不一定相关的代码(例如 wireless_disconnect )，这会增加复杂性.
          BTW ，代码比我最初预期的要复杂得多(这就是为什么我不费心去解释它-因为这太过分了)，但是我看不到任何方式修剪
        • script.bat (和time <nul)只是为了在控制台中证明代码正在与无线网络连接/断开连接(并且我不是从 Win 并行)
          • 我不知道time 0<nul(在输出中)的"   0 "部分来自哪里
          • In order to create a POC I had to add some code (e.g. wireless_disconnect) not necessarily related to the question, which adds complexity.
            BTW, the code is waaay more complex than I initially anticipated (that's why I didn't bother to explain it - as it would be an overkill), but I don't see any way of trimming it down
          • script.bat (and time <nul) are just to prove in console that the code is connecting / disconnecting from the wireless network (and that I'm not connecting from Win in parallel)
            • I don't know where the " 0" part from time 0<nul (in the output) comes from

            最重要的一个:上面的代码无法使用 OOTB ，因为 Win32Wifi 有错误 >.我发现了2个在这种情况下致命(严重)的错误，以及许多其他较小的错误.
            我刚刚提交了 [GitHub]:kedos/win32wifi-修复(某些问题)关键)和改进 .不知道它的结果是什么(考虑不活动时间).

            THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE: The above code will not work OOTB, because Win32Wifi is buggy. I found 2 bugs that are fatal (critical) for this scenario, and a bunch of other smaller ones.
            I've just submitted [GitHub]: kedos/win32wifi - Fixes (some critical) and improvements. Not sure what its outcome it's going to be (considering the inactivity period).

            作为替代，您可以下载补丁，然后在本地应用更改.检查 [ [SO]:从鼠标右键单击PyCharm Community Edition中的上下文菜单运行/调试Django应用程序的UnitTests? (@CristiFati的答案)(修补 utrunner 部分)，了解如何在 Win 上应用补丁(基本上，每行以一个"+" 符号进入，以一个-" 符号开头的每一行都熄灭).我正在使用 Cygwin ， btw .

            As an alternative, you could download the patch, and apply the changes locally. Check [SO]: Run/Debug a Django application's UnitTests from the mouse right click context menu in PyCharm Community Edition? (@CristiFati's answer) (Patching utrunner section) for how to apply patches on Win (basically, every line that starts with one "+" sign goes in, and every line that starts with one "-" sign goes out). I am using Cygwin, btw.

            这篇关于如何使用Python 3在Windows上连接到WiFi网络?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！