使用python和matplotlib的时间线条形图 [英] Timeline bar graph using python and matplotlib

问题描述

我希望使用 matplotlib 绘制时间线条形图，以显示一个人一天中所做的事情.我在下面添加代码，输出和期望的预期输出.任何库都可以使用，就我而言，我进入的壁橱是使用 matplotlib .任何帮助将不胜感激.

I am looking to draw a timeline bar graph using matplotlib that will show the things a person did in one day. I am adding the code below,output and an expected output that i am looking for. Any library can be used, in my case the closet i could get to was using matplotlib. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

import datetime as dt
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

data = [    (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 15), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 30), 'sleep'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 30), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 45), 'eat'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 45), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 0), 'work'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 0), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), 'sleep'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 15), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), 'eat'), 
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 45), 'work')
        ]

rng=[]
for i in range(len(data)):
    rng.append((data[i][0]).strftime('%H:%M'))

index={}
activity = []
for i in range(len(data)):
    index[(data[i][2])]=[]
    activity.append(data[i][2])

for i in range(len(index)):
    for j in range(len(activity)):
        if activity[j]==index.keys()[i]:
            index[index.keys()[i]].append(15)
        else:
            index[index.keys()[i]].append(0)            

data = list(index.values())
df = pd.DataFrame(data,index=list(index.keys()))
df.plot.barh(stacked=True, sharex=False)
plt.show()

我的输出:

使用matplotlib，这就是我得到的

Using matplotlib this is what i was getting

预期产量:

我使用Google图表时间轴图获得了此结果，但我需要使用python来获得，并且用于生成两个图的数据并不完全相同，我希望您能理解这一点

I got this using google charts Timeline graph but I need this using python and the data used for generating both graphs is not exactly the same, I hope you get the point

推荐答案

您可以创建 matplotlib.dates.date2num ).

You may create a PolyCollection of "bars". For this you would need to convert your dates to numbers (matplotlib.dates.date2num).

import datetime as dt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection

data = [    (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 15), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 30), 'sleep'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 30), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 45), 'eat'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 0, 45), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 0), 'work'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 0), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), 'sleep'),
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 15), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), 'eat'), 
            (dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 30), dt.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 1, 45), 'work')
        ]

cats = {"sleep" : 1, "eat" : 2, "work" : 3}
colormapping = {"sleep" : "C0", "eat" : "C1", "work" : "C2"}

verts = []
colors = []
for d in data:
    v =  [(mdates.date2num(d[0]), cats[d[2]]-.4),
          (mdates.date2num(d[0]), cats[d[2]]+.4),
          (mdates.date2num(d[1]), cats[d[2]]+.4),
          (mdates.date2num(d[1]), cats[d[2]]-.4),
          (mdates.date2num(d[0]), cats[d[2]]-.4)]
    verts.append(v)
    colors.append(colormapping[d[2]])

bars = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=colors)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.add_collection(bars)
ax.autoscale()
loc = mdates.MinuteLocator(byminute=[0,15,30,45])
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(loc)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.AutoDateFormatter(loc))

ax.set_yticks([1,2,3])
ax.set_yticklabels(["sleep", "eat", "work"])
plt.show()

请注意，可以使用折线图(broken_barh)，但是，这里使用的(未排序的)数据使使用PolyCollection变得容易一些.

Note that such plots can equally be generated with a Broken Bar plot (broken_barh), however, the (unsorted) data used here, make it a bit easier using a PolyCollection.

现在您需要向我解释如何同时入睡和进食-这是我永远无法做到的事情，尽我所能.

And now you would need to explain to me how you can sleep and eat at the same time - something I can never quite get at, as hard as I try.

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