iOS 12和SKShader中不推荐使用OpenGL ES [英] OpenGL ES deprecated in iOS 12 and SKShader

问题描述

我对SpriteKit中的着色器的概念和用法非常陌生.

I am very new to the concept and use of shaders in SpriteKit.

我发现了本教程，该教程介绍了如何使用附加到Color Sprite的Custom Shader属性的自定义着色器文件Fractal.fsh渲染Mandelbrot分形.

I found this tutorial on how to render a Mandelbrot fractal with a custom shader file - Fractal.fsh - attached to a Color Sprite's Custom Shader property.

https://www.weheartswift.com/fractals-Xcode-6/

一切正常，我自以为是，学习SpriteKit中的OpenGL ES和自定义着色器将是一个有趣的练习.

It works fine and I thought to my self that learning about OpenGL ES and custom shaders in SpriteKit would be a fun exercise.

不过，根据Apple的说法，从iOS 12开始不推荐使用OpenGL ES.

According to Apple though, OpenGL ES is deprecated as of iOS 12.

https://developer.apple .com/library/archive/documentation/3DDrawing/Conceptual/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide/BestPracticesforShaders/BestPracticesforShaders.html

我的问题是这个

这是否意味着到目前为止，SpriteKit中使用的自定义着色器应该用Metal编写?

Does this mean that custom shaders for use in SpriteKit should be written in Metal as of now?

我试图找出如何重写Metal中第一个链接中提到的fractal.fsh着色器代码的方法，但是我尚未-能够找到有关如何从OpenGL转换现有的自​​定义SKShader的资源. ES转换为金属.但是，我并不是要找人重写该代码以使用Metal，而只是指向正确方向的指针.

I have tried to figure out how to rewrite the fractal.fsh shader code, referred to in the first link, in Metal but I have not - yet - been able to find any resources on how to convert existing custom SKShader's from OpenGL ES to Metal. However, I am NOT looking for someone to rewrite that code to use Metal, only a pointer in the right direction.

更新: 根据@ Knight0fDragon的回答，我将尝试阐明我的问题:

UPDATE: Based on the answer from @Knight0fDragon I will try to clarify my question:

有关SKShader类的文档指出:

The documentation on the SKShader class states that:

"SKShader对象包含一个自定义OpenGL ES片段着色器."

"An SKShader object holds a custom OpenGL ES fragment shader."

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/spritekit/skshader

因此，如果SKShader对象包含自定义的OpenGL ES片段着色器，那么在不支持OpenGL ES的支持下它将保留什么内容?

So if a SKShader object holds a custom OpenGL ES fragment shader, what will it hold after the support for OpenGL ES is deprecated?

如果在iOS 12之前不能使用OpenGL ES，如何创建自定义片段着色器以在SpriteKit中使用呢? 首先，我认为可以将包含GLSL代码的* .fsh文件替换为包含等效金属代码的* .metal文件，但是这种评估显然太幼稚(因为我尝试过，因此无法将* .metal文件分配给Color Sprite的自定义着色器"属性)

How would one go on about creating a custom fragment shader to use in SpriteKit if one cannot use OpenGL ES as of iOS 12? First I thought that the *.fsh file containing the GLSL code could be replaced with a *.metal file containing equivalent metal code but that assessment was clearly too naive (because I tried and I couldn't assign the *.metal file to the Color Sprite's Custom Shader property)

推荐答案

摘录自在Metal和OpenGL中执行着色器 ":

From the documentation on "Executing Shaders in Metal and OpenGL ":

在支持该功能的设备上，您提供给SKShader的GLSL代码会自动转换为Metal着色语言并在Metal渲染器上运行.

On devices that support it, the GLSL code you provide to SKShader is automatically converted to Metal shading language and run on a Metal renderer.

因此，据我了解，SpriteKit将使用Metal作为可用的后端，并在编译它们时为您转换着色器.我没有找到直接在Metal中编写着色器的选项.

So, from my understanding, SpriteKit will use Metal as a backend where it is available and convert your shaders for you when compiling them. I did not find an option to directly write the shaders in Metal.

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