Linux命令来检测程序的计算机资源使用情况 [英] Linux commands to detect the computer resource usage of a program

问题描述

假设有两个程序a.out和b.out做同样的事情:对元素进行排序. a.out实现QuickSort排序算法，这需要O(nlogn)时间和O(logn)内存，b.out实现BubbleSort排序算法，这要花费O(n^2)时间和O(1)内存.我想对这两种算法之间的时间和内存比较有一些直观的了解，因此，是否有任何Linux命令来测量程序运行后的时间和内存使用情况?

Suppose there are two programs a.out and b.out doing the same thing: sorting elements. a.out implements a QuickSort sorting algorithm, which takes O(nlogn) time and O(logn) memory, b.out implements a BubbleSort sorting algorithm, which takes O(n^2) time and O(1) memory. I want to gain some intuitive feelings of the time and memory comparison between these two algorithms, so is there any Linux command to measure the time and memory usage of a program after it is run ?

推荐答案

在程序上，我将使用getrusage()，它允许您测量单个函数，并且比time或top更详细.例如:

Programatically, I would use getrusage(), which allows you to measure single functions, and in a lot more detail than just time or top. For example:

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct rusage start;
    struct rusage end;

    getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &start);    // get time at start

    some_function ();                   // Function to measure

    getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &end);      // get time at end

    printf ("System: %d usecs, User: %d usecs\n",
            end.ru_stime.tv_usec - start.ru_stime.tv_usec,
            end.ru_utime.tv_usec - start.ru_utime.tv_usec);
...

rusage结构包含以下内容:

struct rusage {
    struct timeval ru_utime;    // user time used
    struct timeval ru_stime;    // system time used
    long   ru_maxrss;           // maximum resident set size
    long   ru_ixrss;            // integral shared memory size   
    long   ru_idrss;            // integral unshared data size
    long   ru_isrss;            // integral unshared stack size
    long   ru_minflt;           // page reclaims
    long   ru_majflt;           // page faults
    long   ru_nswap;            // swaps
    long   ru_inblock;          // block input operations
    long   ru_oublock;          // block output operations
    long   ru_msgsnd;           // messages sent
    long   ru_msgrcv;           // messages received
    long   ru_nsignals;         // signals received
    long   ru_nvcsw;            // voluntary context switches
    long   ru_nivcsw;           // involuntary context switches
};

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