测试Python中是否存在可执行文件? [英] Test if executable exists in Python?

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问题描述

在Python中,有没有一种可移植且简单的方法来测试可执行程序是否存在?

In Python, is there a portable and simple way to test if an executable program exists?

简单来说,我的意思是像which命令那样的东西,非常完美.我不想手动搜索PATH或涉及尝试使用Popen& al,看看它是否失败(这就是我现在正在做的,但是可以想象它是launchmissiles)

By simple I mean something like the which command which would be just perfect. I don't want to search PATH manually or something involving trying to execute it with Popen & al and see if it fails (that's what I'm doing now, but imagine it's launchmissiles)

推荐答案

我想到的最简单的方法:

Easiest way I can think of:

def which(program):
    import os
    def is_exe(fpath):
        return os.path.isfile(fpath) and os.access(fpath, os.X_OK)

    fpath, fname = os.path.split(program)
    if fpath:
        if is_exe(program):
            return program
    else:
        for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
            exe_file = os.path.join(path, program)
            if is_exe(exe_file):
                return exe_file

    return None

编辑:更新了代码示例,以包含用于处理这种情况的逻辑,其中所提供的参数已经是可执行文件的完整路径,即"which/bin/ls".这模仿了UNIX哪个"命令的行为.

Edit: Updated code sample to include logic for handling case where provided argument is already a full path to the executable, i.e. "which /bin/ls". This mimics the behavior of the UNIX 'which' command.

编辑:已更新,每个注释使用os.path.isfile()而不是os.path.exists().

Edit: Updated to use os.path.isfile() instead of os.path.exists() per comments.

编辑:path.strip('"')似乎在这里做错了. Windows和POSIX都似乎不鼓励引用PATH项目.

Edit: path.strip('"') seems like the wrong thing to do here. Neither Windows nor POSIX appear to encourage quoted PATH items.

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