如何在Perl中将字符串与变音符进行匹配? [英] How to match string with diacritic in perl?

问题描述

例如，在不带额外模块的情况下匹配Áñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ"中的"Nation".在新的Perl版本(5.14、5.15等)中可能吗?

For example, match "Nation" in ""Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ" without extra modules. Is it possible in new Perl versions (5.14, 5.15 etc)?

我找到了答案！感谢 tchrist

具有UCA匹配的完整解决方案(对 https://stackoverflow.com/users/471272/tchrist 表示感谢).

Rigth solution with UCA match (thnx to https://stackoverflow.com/users/471272/tchrist).

# found start/end offsets for matched utf-substring (without intersections)
use 5.014;
use strict; 
use warnings;
use utf8;
use Unicode::Collate;
binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ" x 2;
my $look = "Nation";
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(
    normalization => undef, level => 1
   );

my @match = $Collator->match($str, $look);
if (@match) {
    my $found = $match[0];
    my $f_len  = length($found);
    say "match result: $found (length is $f_len)"; 
    my $offset = 0;
    while ((my $start = index($str, $found, $offset)) != -1) {                                                  
        my $end   = $start + $f_len;
        say sprintf("found at: %s,%s", $start, $end);
        $offset = $end + 1;
    }
}

来自 http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id= 485681

神奇的代码是:

Magic piece of code is:

    $str = Unicode::Normalize::NFD($str); $str =~ s/\pM//g;

代码示例:

code example:

    use 5.014;
    use utf8;
    use Unicode::Normalize;

    binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
    my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ";
    my $look = "Nation";
    say "before: $str\n";
    $str = NFD($str);
    # M is short alias for \p{Mark} (http://perldoc.perl.org/perluniprops.html)
    $str =~ s/\pM//og; # remove "marks"
    say "after: $str";¬
    say "is_match: ", $str =~ /$look/i || 0;

推荐答案

使用UCA(thnx到 tchrist )的正确解决方案:

Right solution with UCA (thnx to tchrist):

# found start/end offsets for matched s
use 5.014;
use utf8;
use Unicode::Collate;
binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ" x 2;
my $look = "Nation";
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(
    normalization => undef, level => 1
   );

my @match = $Collator->match($str, $look);
say "match ok!" if @match;

P.S. 假设您可以删除变音符号以获取基本ASCII字母的代码是邪恶的，静止的，​​残破的，损坏大脑的，错误的，并且是死刑的理由." © tchrist 为什么现代的Perl默认情况下会避免使用UTF-8吗?

P.S. "Code that assumes you can remove diacritics to get at base ASCII letters is evil, still, broken, brain-damaged, wrong, and justification for capital punishment." © tchrist Why does modern Perl avoid UTF-8 by default?

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