pip等同于`npm install package --save-dev`吗? [英] What is pip's equivalent of `npm install package --save-dev`?

问题描述

在nodejs中，我可以执行npm install package --save-dev将已安装的软件包保存到软件包中.

In nodejs, I can do npm install package --save-dev to save the installed package into the package.

如何在Python包管理器pip中实现相同的目的?我想在使用pip install package --save-dev requirements.pip之类安装软件包后，将软件包名称及其版本保存到requirements.pip中.

How do I achieve the same thing in Python package manager pip? I would like to save the package name and its version into, say, requirements.pip just after installing the package using something like pip install package --save-dev requirements.pip.

推荐答案

pip没有等效项.

最好的方法是pip install package && pip freeze > requirements.txt

您可以在其文档页面上看到所有可用的选项.

如果确实让您感到困扰，那么编写一个自定义bash脚本(pips)并不会太困难，该脚本带有一个-s参数并自动冻结为您的requirements.txt文件.

If it really bothers you, it wouldn't be too difficult to write a custom bash script (pips) that takes a -s argument and freezes to your requirements.txt file automatically.

编辑1

自编写此书以来，提供与NPM类似的自动--save-dev选项没有任何变化，但是Kenneth Reitz(requests等的作者)已经发布了有关

Since writing this there has been no change in providing an auto --save-dev option similar to NPM however Kenneth Reitz (author of requests and many more) has released some more info about a better pip workflow to better handle pip updates.

编辑2

从上面的更好的点子工作流程"文章链接到现在，建议使用 pipenv 管理需求和虚拟环境.最近使用了很多，我想总结一下过渡是多么简单:

Linked from the "better pip workflow" article above it is now recommended to use pipenv to manage requirements and virtual environments. Having used this a lot recently I would like to summarise how simple the transition is:

安装pipenv(在Mac上)

Install pipenv (on Mac)

brew install pipenv

pipenv创建并管理它自己的虚拟环境，因此在具有现有requirements.txt的项目中，安装所有要求(我使用Python3.7，但如果不这样做，则可以删除--three)是如此简单:

pipenv creates and manages it's own virtual environments so in a project with an existing requirements.txt, installing all requirements (I use Python3.7 but you can remove the --three if you do not) is as simple as:

pipenv --three install

激活virtualenv来运行命令也很容易

pipenv shell

安装要求将自动更新Pipfile和Pipfile.lock

pipenv install <package>

还可以更新过期的软件包

pipenv update

我强烈建议检查出来，尤其是来自npm背景的人因为它具有与package.json和package-lock.json

I highly recommend checking it out especially if coming from a npm background as it has a similar feel to package.json and package-lock.json

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