python，更改用户站点目录或使用--user安装setup.py --prefix [英] python, change user site directory or install setup.py --prefix with --user

问题描述

我想像这样以非root用户身份安装python模块

I'd want to install python modules as non-root user like this

$ pip install -I --install-option="--prefix=~/usr" scipy

不幸的是，除非您指定--user，否则这通常不起作用.但是--user不能与--prefix一起使用.仅使用--user(不使用--prefix)会安装到~/.local，由于我维护得很好的~/usr，并且不想在我的env中添加更多内容以使~/.local可用，因此我发现它很丑陋也是.

Unfortunately this usually does not work unless you specify --user. But --user can't be used together with --prefix. Using --user only (without --prefix) installs to ~/.local which I find ugly because I have a well maintained ~/usr and don't want to add even more stuff to my env to make ~/.local usable too.

所以我的问题:

1. 如何让--prefix和--user一起用于setup.py，否则在不使用--user的情况下setup.py如何成功?
2. 还是可以通过env将用户站点目录从~/.local更改为~/usr?

1. How can I let --prefix and --user work together for setup.py or how else could setup.py succeed without using --user?
2. Or can I change the user site directory from ~/.local to ~/usr somehow by env?

推荐答案

要回答第一个问题:

在Greg Ward编写的安装Python模块指南中，我们读到:

In Installing Python Modules guide written by Greg Ward we read:

请注意，各种备用安装方案是相互关联的 独占:您可以传递--user或--home或--prefix和 --exec-prefix或--install-base和--install-platbase，但您不能混用这些组.

Note that the various alternate installation schemes are mutually exclusive: you can pass --user, or --home, or --prefix and --exec-prefix, or --install-base and --install-platbase, but you can’t mix from these groups.

要回答第二个问题:

在同一指南中，有备用安装:用户方案，我们在其中阅读:

In the same guide there's section Alternate installation: the user scheme where we read:

文件将安装到site.USER_BASE

，其中site.USER_BASE链接到 https://docs.python. org/2/library/site.html#site.USER_BASE .要求我们在那里查看有关 PYTHONUSERBASE 环境的信息变量:

with site.USER_BASE linked to https://docs.python.org/2/library/site.html#site.USER_BASE. There we are asked to see also information on PYTHONUSERBASE environment variable:

定义用户基本目录，该目录用于计算以下内容的路径 用户site-packages目录和Distutils安装路径，用于 python setup.py install --user.

Defines the user base directory, which is used to compute the path of the user site-packages directory and Distutils installation paths for python setup.py install --user.

此外，您可能对家庭计划:

家庭计划"背后的想法是，您建立并维护一个 Python模块的个人存储.该方案的名称来源于 在Unix上使用主"目录的想法，因为对于 Unix用户使其主目录的布局类似于/usr/ 或/usr/local/.

The idea behind the "home scheme" is that you build and maintain a personal stash of Python modules. This scheme’s name is derived from the idea of a "home" directory on Unix, since it’s not unusual for a Unix user to make their home directory have a layout similar to /usr/ or /usr/local/.

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