连接到Docker容器上的PostgreSQL数据库 [英] Connect to a PostgreSQL database on a Docker container

问题描述

我想在单独的Docker容器上运行具有PostgreSQL数据库和Django支持的REST API的应用程序。到目前为止，API已在连接SQLite数据库的Docker上运行，但是现在我要连接到PostgreSQL数据库遇到了麻烦。

I want to run an application with a PostgreSQL database and a REST API powered by Django on separate Docker containers. So far the API has been running on Docker connecting to a SQLite database, but I'm having trouble now that I want to connect to a PostgreSQL database instead.

Docker的 docker-compose.yml 文件：

Docker's docker-compose.yml file:

version: '2'
services:
    postgres:
        image: postgres
    api:
        build: .
        command: bash -c "python manage.py migrate && python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:1337"
        volumes:
            - .:/usr/src/app
        ports:
            - "1337:1337"
        depends_on:
            - postgres

Django的 settings.py （根据默认设置，使用基本 postgres 图像所使用的默认设置文档）：

Django's settings.py (using the default settings which the base postgres image works with according to the documentation):

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'wgomanager',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'mysecretpassword',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

当我使用 docker-compose up 启动应用程序时，最终会引发此错误：

When I launch the application with docker-compose up eventually this error is thrown:

api_1       |     connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
api_1       |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 130, in connect
api_1       |     conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
api_1       | django.db.utils.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused
api_1       |   Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
api_1       |   TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
api_1       | could not connect to server: Connection refused
api_1       |   Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
api_1       |   TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
api_1       |
orchestrator_api_1 exited with code 1

我在做什么错了？

推荐答案

使用docker-compose时，您可以通过主机名发现服务。您的数据库服务是用标签 postgres 定义的。在应用程序配置中将其用作主机名。

When using docker-compose, you "discover" services via hostname. Your database service is defined with label postgres. Use it as a hostname in your application cofiguration.

密码和数据库名称也必须与您的应用程序配置同步。这是通过postgres服务的环境变量完成的：

Also password and DB name must be in sync with your app config. This is done via environment variables for postgres service:

services:
  postgres:
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD: "mysecretpassword"
      - POSTGRES_DB: "wgomanager"
  # rest of docker-compose.yml

请参阅图像文档，了解各种环境。 vars影响服务配置。

Reffer to image docs on how various env. vars affect service configuration.

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