函数不能返回记录的单个项目,是吗?任何解决方法? [英] Functions can not to return individual items of a record, is it? Any workaround?

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问题描述

C语言数据类型中 struct 的基本内容 ,存在于所有流行语言中,并且期望这些语言的函数也可以返回 struct ...。并且,根据正交性原理,期望您可以访问返回的 struct但是,PostgreSQL不提供对 FUNCTION的 struct itens 的访问。 ..返回记录



但是程序员使用PostgreSQL时不会抱怨... 有一个简单而直观的解决方法吗?






类似的问题: PostgreSQL v9.X具有真实的记录数组?






以典型案例为例



 创建函数foo(int)返回记录为$$ 
选择$ 1作为a,'Hello#'|| $ 1作为b;
$语言SQL;

SELECT foo(6); -有效,但是我只需要一项

SQL上下文中访问记录项

  SELECT(foo(6))。a; -不起作用(但没有歧义!)

-对于语法讨论:
WITH f AS(SELECT foo(6)as r)SELECT r.a FROM f; -不起作用
-语法不明确;将r与表格混淆,在 fra中,将f与架构
-也许r ['a']是一个不错的语法解决方案

PLpgSQL上下文中访问记录项目



怎么说 x:=(foo(6))。a y:= foo(6); x:= y.a ?现在在PLpgSQL中有一些预期的行为,至少允许命名记录:

  CREATE FUNCTION bar()以$ F $ 
DECLARE
tmp记录的形式返回文本;
的文字;
开始
-s:=(foo(7))。b; NOT WORKS,就像匿名记录(不允许)
tmp:= foo(6);
s:= tmp.b; - 有用!!就像命名记录(允许)
RETURN s ||’! ’|| tmp.a; -...正在访问其他任何个人,并使其延误
END;
$ F $语言plpgsql不可用;


解决方案

如果使用更灵活的返回表,而不是(有些过时的)返回记录,那么事情就变得很容易了:

  CREATE FUNCTION foo(int)RETURNS table(a int,b text)
AS
$
SELECT $ 1 as,'Hello #'|| $ 1 as b;
$语言SQL;

现在您可以使用:

 从foo(6)中选择b 
;

如果您担心表与记录,还可以定义一个 type 来克服其他结果集定义:

 创建类型foo_return为(int ,b文字); 
CREATE FUNCTION foo(int)返回foo_return
AS
$
SELECT $ 1, Hello# || $ 1;
$语言SQL;

您仍然可以在上面进行选择:

 从foo(6)中选择b 
;

第三个可能更像 C的方法是使用参数(如手册中所示

 创建函数foo(p1 int,out a int,out b text)
AS
$$
SELECT $ 1,'Hello#'| | $ 1;
$$
语言SQL;

那么您就不需要来自

  select(foo(1))。b; 


Basic things as struct in C data types, exist in all popular languages, and is expected that functions, of these languages, also can return a struct... And, by an orthogonality principle, is expected you can access the returned struct itens.

PostgreSQL, nevertheless, did not offer access to the struct itens of a FUNCTION ... RETURNS RECORD. It is correct?

But programmers use PostgreSQL without complaining... There are a simple and intuitive workaround?


Similar question: PostgreSQL v9.X have real "array of record"?


Illustrating by typical cases

 CREATE FUNCTION foo(int) RETURNS RECORD AS $$ 
      SELECT $1 as a, 'Hello #'||$1 as b; 
 $$ LANGUAGE SQL;

 SELECT foo(6);       -- works, but I need only one item

Access of record itens in a SQL context:

 SELECT (foo(6)).a;   -- NOT works (but no ambiguity!)

 -- For syntax discussion:
 WITH f AS (SELECT foo(6) as r) SELECT r.a FROM f; -- NOT works
 -- ambiguous syntax; confused r with table, in "f.r.a", f with schema 
 -- perhaps r['a'] would be a good syntax solution

Access of record itens in a PLpgSQL context:

How to say x:=(foo(6)).a or y:=foo(6); x:=y.a? Now there are some expected behaviuor, in PLpgSQL, at least "named record" is permitted:

CREATE FUNCTION bar() RETURNS text AS $F$ 
DECLARE 
   tmp record;
   s text;
BEGIN 
   -- s:=(foo(7)).b;  NOT WORKS, is like an "anonymous record" (not permitted)
   tmp := foo(6); 
   s:=tmp.b;  -- IT WORKS!! is like a "named record" (permitted)
   RETURN s||'! '||tmp.a;  --  ...works accessing any other individual itens
END;
$F$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;

解决方案

If you use the more flexible returns table instead of (the somewhat outdated) returns record, then things get really easy:

CREATE FUNCTION foo(int) RETURNS table (a int, b text) 
AS 
$$ 
  SELECT $1 as a, 'Hello #'||$1 as b; 
$ LANGUAGE SQL;

now you can use:

select b
from foo(6);

If you are concerned about "tables" vs. "records" you can also define a type to overcome the additional result set definition:

create type foo_return as (a int, b text);
CREATE FUNCTION foo(int) RETURNS foo_return
AS 
$$ 
  SELECT $1, 'Hello #'||$1;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

You can still the above select then:

select b
from foo(6);

A third maybe more "C" like approach would be to use out parameters (as shown in the manual)

CREATE FUNCTION foo(p1 int, out a int, out b text)
AS
$$ 
  SELECT $1, 'Hello #'||$1;
$$ 
LANGUAGE SQL;

Then you don't need a from :

select (foo(1)).b;

这篇关于函数不能返回记录的单个项目,是吗?任何解决方法?的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

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