集成和单元测试在ASP.NET Core 2.1上不再起作用，无法在运行时找到程序集 [英] Integration and unit tests no longer work on ASP.NET Core 2.1 failing to find assemblies at runtime

问题描述

在创建测试项目或升级应用程序并测试到ASP.NET Core 2.1 / .NET Core 2.1时，运行测试失败，并带有程序集加载异常，例如

When creating test projects or upgrading an application and tests to ASP.NET Core 2.1 / .NET Core 2.1, running tests fails with assembly load exceptions like

System.IO.FileNotFoundException：无法加载文件或程序集'Microsoft.AspNetCore，Version = 2.1.0.0，Culture = neutral，PublicKeyToken = adb9793829ddae60'。系统找不到指定的文件。

System.IO.FileNotFoundException : Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.AspNetCore, Version=2.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'. The system cannot find the file specified.

在添加对其他某些库的引用时，还会出现类似

When adding references to some other libraries there are also build warnings like

警告MSB3277：发现不同版本的 Microsoft.Extensions.Options之间的冲突无法解决。

警告MSB3277：发现冲突
警告MSB3277：发现不同版本的 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Abstractions之间的冲突无法解决。

警告MSB3277：发现无法解决的不同版本的 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions之间的冲突。

警告MSB3277：发现不同版本的 Microsoft。无法解决的AspNetCore.Http.Abstractions。

警告MSB3277：发现不同版本的 Micr之间存在冲突osoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features无法解决。

warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.Options" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Abstractions" that could not be resolved.
warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features" that could not be resolved.

如何使测试项目能够测试ASP.NET Core 2.1应用程序？

How can I make test projects work for testing ASP.NET Core 2.1 applications?

推荐答案

更新： 2.2工具简化了此操作。确保您的 dotnet --version SDK版本至少为 2.2.100 ，甚至在构建2.1时也是应用程序

Update: This has been made easier with 2.2 Tooling. Make sure that your dotnet --version SDK version is at least 2.2.100, even when buidling 2.1 applications

只需在保持 Microsoft.NET.Sdk 的同时向项目添加无版本的包引用即可：

Just add a versionless package reference to your project while keeping the Microsoft.NET.Sdk:

    <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

      <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
      </PropertyGroup>

      <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing" Version="2.1.1" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
        <!-- other references to xunit, test SDK etc. -->
      </ItemGroup>

      <ItemGroup>
        <ProjectReference Include="..\AspNetCoreAppToTest\AspNetCoreAppToTest.csproj" />
      </ItemGroup>

    </Project>

原始：

ASP.NET Core 2.1使用新的共享框架在ASP.NET Core应用程序上运行。需要修改/更新测试项目以使用以下方法之一来使用此共享框架：

ASP.NET Core 2.1 uses a new "shared framework" to run ASP.NET Core applications on. Test projects need to be modified/updated to also use this shared framework using one of the following approaches:

1. 更改测试项目的第一行中的< Project> 标记以使用Web SDK（ Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web Microsoft.NET.Sdk ），并添加对 Microsoft.AspNetCore.App （或 .All （如果您在网络项目中使用的话），而未指定版本

1. Change the test project's <Project> tag in the first line to use the web SDK (Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web instead of Microsoft.NET.Sdk) and add a package reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.App (or .All if you are using that inside the web project) without specifying a version

项目文件（ .csproj）现在应该看起来像这样：

The project file (.csproj) of the test project should now look like this:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing" Version="2.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
    <!-- other references to xunit, test SDK etc. -->
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\AspNetCoreAppToTest\AspNetCoreAppToTest.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

替代方法：保留 Sdk 并在共享框架包中添加 PackageReference ，但指定版本。

Alternative: Leave the Sdk as-is and add a PackageReference to the shared framework package but specify a version.

只需将NuGet引用添加到 Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 。但是，这可能会引起问题，因为在发布ASP.NET Core的新修补程序版本时，SDK可能会选择更新引用，并且工具也会进行更新以反映这一点。您需要为每个修补程序版本更新NuGet参考。

This can be done by simply adding a NuGet reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.App. However, this may cause issues since the SDK may choose to update the reference when a new patch release of the ASP.NET Core is released and the tooling is updated to reflect this. You will need update the NuGet reference for every patch release.

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