创建.deb安装程序时如何安装依赖项？ [英] How to install dependencies while creating a .deb installer?

问题描述

我创建了一个 deb 包，例如 abc.deb 。现在很少有依赖项，例如 python-dev，python-mysql 等，这些依赖项需要作为deb安装本身的一部分进行安装。

I have created a deb package say abc.deb. Now there are few dependencies like python-dev, python-mysql etc., which are needed to be installed as a part of deb installation itself.

（即，当用户运行 dpkg -i abc.deb 时，依赖项也应自动安装）。

(i.e. when user runs dpkg -i abc.deb, the dependencies should also get installed automatically).

我正在使用控件文件，其中包含一些参数，例如 preinst，postinst 等。试图将 Depends 添加到控制文件中，但是我想，如果没有提到的依赖项， Depends 只会停止软件包安装。如何将依赖项作为deb软件包安装本身的一部分进行安装？我正在寻找一种适用于 Ubuntu 12.04 的解决方案。

I am using a control file which contains few parameters like preinst, postinst etc. I tried to add Depends to the control file, but I guess, Depends only stops package installation if dependencies mentioned are not present. How could I install the dependencies as a part of deb package installation itself? I am looking for a solution that will work on Ubuntu 12.04.

P.S。当我尝试在 postinst 脚本中以

P.S. When I try to install dependencies in my postinst script as

sudo apt-get install python-dev -y

我给我一个错误：

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) 
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?`

推荐答案

dpkg 只能安装单个软件包。

dpkg can only install single packages.

您应声明所有软件包的依赖项在控制文件的 Depends 字段中。

You should declare all your package's dependencies in the Depends field of the control file.

如果您的用户使用 dpkg -i package.deb ，他们将收到一条消息，指出缺少依赖项。然后，用户可以调用 apt-get -f install 来修复软件包存储库中缺少的依赖项（这假设您的依赖项在官方中实际上是

If your user then installs the package with dpkg -i package.deb, they will get a message that dependencies are missing. The user can then invoke apt-get -f install to fix missing dependencies from the package repository (this assumes that your dependencies actually are in the official repositories).

一种替代方法是使用诸如 gdebi 之类的工具来安装软件包； gdebi 知道如何获取缺少的依赖项，从而无需执行 apt-get -f install 步骤。

An alternative is to use a tool such as gdebi to install your package; gdebi knows how to fetch missing dependencies, making the apt-get -f install step unnecessary.

我的建议是将您的 package.deb 文件（带有正确的依赖项声明）发送给用户，并建议他们使用 gdebi 。

My advice is to ship your package.deb file (with proper dependency declaration) to your users, and advise them to install it with gdebi.

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