使用地理名称本体的Protégé中的OWLReasonerRuntimeException [英] OWLReasonerRuntimeException in Protégé using Geonames ontology

问题描述

我在Protégé4中建立了一个本体来描述考古发现，我想使用Geonames个人作为发现的地方.如何在Protégé中添加外部人员?我需要在我的国家中导入Geonames本体吗?我试图:

I built an ontology in Protégé 4 to describe archaeological finds and I'd like to use Geonames individuals as places of discovery. How can I add external individuals in Protégé? Do I need to import the Geonames ontology in mine? I tried to:

1. 导入地名本体
2. 添加具有完整iri地理名称的新人
3. 在我的位置和第2点的新个人之间添加属性sameAs

但是导入Geonames本体会使推理机死于此错误消息:

but importing the Geonames ontology makes the reasoner to die with this error message:

OWLReasonerRuntimeException:非简单对象属性' http://www.geonames.org/ontology#featureClass '用作简单的

我该如何解决?

推荐答案

使用其他本体中的个人而不导入他们

通常，导入声明您有兴趣使用的个体的本体可能是一个好主意.但是，在某些情况下，这可能不是最佳选择.如以下各节所述，Geonames本体实际上不是合法的OWL 2 DL本体，因此，如果尝试将其导入到本体中，则在尝试进行任何推理时都会遇到问题.因此，您应该不将地理名称本体导入您的本体，并且应该重新声明您想要的本体中的个人.在Protégé中这很容易.根据 GeoNames本体页面，IRI http://sws.geonames.org/3020251/指的是称为Embrun在法国.您只需按照与Protégé相同的常规方式创建个人，但是请选中忽略实体创建首选项"按钮，以便您可以为个人输入完整的IRI:

Using individuals from other ontologies without importing them

In general, it's probably a good idea to import the ontologies that declare the individuals that you're interested in using. However,in some cases, this might not be the best option. As described in the following sections, the Geonames ontology is not actually a legal OWL 2 DL ontology, so if you try to import it into your ontology, you'll run into issues when you try to do any reasoning. As such, you should not import the Geonames ontology into yours, and you should redeclare the individuals that you want in your own ontology. This is easy in Protégé. According to the GeoNames ontology page, the IRI http://sws.geonames.org/3020251/ refers to town called Embrun in France. You simply create an individual in the usual way that you would with Protégé, but check the "ignore entity creation preferences" button so that you can enter a full IRI for the individual:

对于某些OWL属性的使用方式有一些限制.如果您遇到有关

There are restrictions on how certain OWL properties can be used. If you're getting an error about

OWLReasonerRuntimeException:非简单对象属性 " http://www.geonames.org/ontology#featureClass 用作简单 一个

OWLReasonerRuntimeException: Non-simple object property 'http://www.geonames.org/ontology#featureClass' is used as a simple one

那么您就正确地引用了该属性.在 OWL 2 Web本体语言中 结构规范和功能样式语法(第二版)中有对简单属性的描述(但我仅在此处包括摘录):

then you're referencing the property correctly. In the OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax (Second Edition) there's a description of simple properties (but I'm only including an excerpt here):

11.1属性层次结构和简单对象属性表达式

粗略地说，简单的对象属性表达式没有直接或 可传递的或由定义的间接子属性 属性链的方法，其中间接子属性的概念 是由属性层次结构捕获的.

11.1 Property Hierarchy and Simple Object Property Expressions

Roughly speaking, a simple object property expression has no direct or indirect subproperties that are either transitive or are defined by means of property chains, where the notion of indirect subproperties is captured by the property hierarchy.

对于如何使用简单属性和非简单属性有一些限制:

There are restictions on how simple and non-simple properties can be used:

11.2对公理闭包的限制

对简单角色的限制.每个类表达式和每个公理 以下两个列表中的类型的斧头仅包含简单对象 属性.

11.2 The Restrictions on the Axiom Closure

Restriction on Simple Roles. Each class expression and each axiom in Ax of type from the following two lists contains only simple object properties.

• ObjectMinCardinality，ObjectMaxCardinality，ObjectExactCardinality和ObjectHasSelf.
• FunctionalObjectProperty，InverseFunctionalObjectProperty，IrreflexiveObjectProperty，AsymmetricObjectProperty和 DisjointObjectProperties.

• ObjectMinCardinality, ObjectMaxCardinality, ObjectExactCardinality, and ObjectHasSelf .
• FunctionalObjectProperty, InverseFunctionalObjectProperty, IrreflexiveObjectProperty, AsymmetricObjectProperty, and DisjointObjectProperties.

此限制是必要的，以确保可确定性 OWL 2 DL的基本推理问题.

This restriction is necessary in order to guarantee decidability of the basic reasoning problems for OWL 2 DL.

Geonames不是OWL 2 DL本体

现在，您的本体可能有一些有问题的公理，但看起来GeoNames本体本身中有一些公理.我下载了版本3.1 并在Protégé中对其进行了打开.对象属性并不多，但有一个功能类，它具有子属性链公理，并用于类表达式中.

Geonames is not an OWL 2 DL ontology

Now, it could be that your ontology has some problematic axioms, but it looks like there are some in the GeoNames ontology itself. I downloaded version 3.1 and opened it up in Protégé. There aren't all that many object properties, but there's one, feature class, that has a subproperty chain axiom, and it's used in a class expression.

因此，功能类是一个非简单属性，因为它具有作为子属性的属性链，并且 feature class 用于ObjectExactCardinality类表达式中，即

So, feature class is a non-simple property because it has a property chain as a subproperty, and feature class is used in an ObjectExactCardinality class expression, namely,

功能类 完全 1 事物

这意味着GeoNames本体不是合法的OWL 2 DL本体.

This means that the GeoNames ontology is not a legal OWL 2 DL ontology.

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