如何从列表中获取递归和尾递归中的最后两个值? [英] How to get the 2 last values from a list in recursion and in tail-recursion?

问题描述

我需要谓词last_two(LST,Y,Z) 将列表的最后一个值分配给Z 和倒数第二的Y. 我该如何递归呢?以及如何在尾递归中做到这一点? 谢谢！

I need a predicate last_two(LST,Y,Z) that assigns the last value of a list to Z and the second-to-last to Y. How can I do it in recursion? and how can I do it in tail-recursion? thanks!

这是带有尾递归的代码，我可以提高效率吗?

Here is a code with tail recursion, can I make it more efficient?

last2_2([_|[H1|[H2|T]]],Y,Z):-last2_2([H1|[H2|T]],Y,Z).

last2_2([H1,H2],H1,H2).

推荐答案

您可以简化递归的情况:

You could simplify the recursive case:

last2_2([_|T],X,Y) :- last2_2(T,X,Y).

这将使每个递归的情况更快(较少的模式匹配)，但会导致它走得太远，并且必须回溯以获取最后2个元素.随着列表变长(回溯的数量与列表的长度无关)，这可能会带来更多好处.

This would make each recursive case faster (less pattern-matching), but causes it to go too far, and have to backtrack to get the last 2 elements. This would probably be of more benefit as the list gets longer (as the amount of backtracking is independent of the length of the list).

您可以更进一步，将递归案例替换为:

You could take this a step further, replacing the recursive case with:

last2_2([_,_|T],Y,Z):-last2_2(T,Y,Z).
last2_2([_,A,B],A,B).

在这里，递归案例一次剥离了2个元素(以更多的模式匹配为代价)，我们需要第二个基本案例来处理奇数长度列表.

Here, the recursive case strips off 2 elements at a time (at the cost of some more pattern-matching), and we need a second base case to handle odd-length lists.

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