如何提高室内定位精度? [英] How to improve accuracy of indoor positioning?

问题描述

我应该在某个地方开发室内定位系统，所以我首先收集了有关如何开发这样的系统的信息，我现在要问的问题是:什么控制定位精度以及如何提高定位精度? 我发现了具有不同精度的不同API和项目，例如:爱立信室内定位API提供的精度在10米以内，而Qubulus API提供的精度在4米以内，并且我遇到了解决方案

我正在从事类似的项目，并且测试了一些现有工具.

您可以在此处找到有关IPS精度/精度/分辨率的一些有趣信息:

基于IPS分辨率的Stackoverflow线程

尤其要阅读TRX Systems的Carol Politi的答案.

简而言之，精度主要取决于用作参考信号的无线电信标的类型和密度(可以是GSM/WDCMA/UMTS网络单元，Wi-Fi接入点，蓝牙加密狗/信标等).因此，要提高系统的精度，您必须使用所有现有/可用的无线电源(电话单元和wi-fi接入点)，并且，也许，您必须添加/安装自己的参考点(最有可能的wi- Fi路由器).

只要到目前为止我能从我的实验中看到，就可以从这种基于无线电的系统中期望的实际精度如下.

• 电话网络:1至2公里
• Wi-Fi:10到150 m(最常见的是40-150 m)
• 蓝牙:4到10 m(使用采用BT 3.0和特殊信标的诺基亚技术可能更好)

一起使用不同的技术只会为您提供最佳技术的精度.例如，当您使用手机和wi-fi接入点作为参考点时，分辨率仅为10到150 m.再好不过了.

例如/有关基于wi-fi指纹的系统的启发，请查看: Redpin .

仅使用无线电信号(多边无线电)来获得房间级别分辨率的唯一方法似乎是蓝牙.诺基亚为此开发了一些东西.

提高整个系统分辨率的有效方法是将基于无线电的定位系统(如wi-fi指纹识别)与基于地图的定位系统(Google称为寻路")结合使用:许多2D游戏).

通过这种方式，您可以强制整个系统来确定用户的实际位置(在过道中，在房间内)，包括不可走动的区域(例如墙壁的内部区域或非内部区域). -建筑物的可及部分).这样可以使您计算出的导航路径更加明智，但在长走廊和过道中，分辨率仍然可能很差(5至10 m或更差).

另一种方式称为传感器融合":将基于加速度计，指南针和其他内置于用户移动设备中的传感器的位置/运动知识添加到基于无线电的系统中.

此类混合系统已经在市场上出售，并且可以在不安装任何辅助无线电信标的情况下为您提供高达2-4 m(房间级，过道级)的分辨率(此类系统也称为无基础设施的室内定位"系统").其中一些系统也使用寻路算法.

例如/关于混合系统的启发，请查看:足迹.

有关更具启发性的项目，请参阅杜克大学的UnLoc: UnLoc 和在公爵处取消定位.

如果需要更高的分辨率，很可能必须安装自己的蓝牙信标(和/或使用诺基亚技术).

I should be developing an indoor positioning system for some place , so I started by gathering info about how to develop such a system , the question I am up to now is : what controls the accuracy of positioning and how to improve it ? I found different APIs and projects with various accuracies , for example : ericsson indoor positioning API provides an accuracy within 10 meters , while Qubulus API provides an accuracy within 4 meters , and I met some projects like iDOCNET which claims to provide an accuracy of about 1.2 meters. So, what is the main component of the indoor navigating systems that controls the accuracy ?

解决方案

I'm working on a similar project and I tested a couple of the existing tools.

You can find some interesting info about IPS accuracy/precision/resolution here:

Stackoverflow thread on IPS resolution

Read the answer from Carol Politi of TRX Systems, in particular.

In short, the precision depends mainly on the type and density of the radio beacons used as reference signals (that can be GSM/WDCMA/UMTS network cells, wi-fi access points, Bluetooth dongles/beacons, etc.). As a consequence, to improve your system's precision you have to use all of the existing/available radio sources (phone cells AND wi-fi access points) AND, maybe, you have to add/install your own reference points (most likely wi-fi routers).

As long as I was able to see from my experiments so far, the actual precision you can expect from such radio-based systems is as following.

• Phone network: 1 to 2 Km
• Wi-Fi: 10 to 150 m (most often 40 - 150 m)
• Bluetooth: 4 to 10 m (maybe better with Nokia technology, that uses BT 3.0 and special beacons)

Using different technologies together just gives you the precision of the best one. For example, when you use cell phones AND wi-fi access points as reference points, you just get a resolution of 10 to 150 m. Nothing better.

For example/inspiration regarding wi-fi-fingerprint-based systems, look at: Redpin .

The only way to get room-level resolution, using ONLY radio signals (radio multilateration), seems to be Bluetooth. Nokia has developed something for this.

An effective way to improve the resolution of the whole system is to pair a radio-based positioning system (like wi-fi fingerprinting) with a map-based one (Google for "pathfinding": the same map navigation technology used in many 2D games).

This way, you enforce your whole system to pinpoint your user just where he/she can actually be (in a aisle, inside a room), escluding the not-walkable areas (like the inner part of a wall or a not-accessible part of the building). This makes your calculated navigation path much more sensible but in long corridors and aisles the resolution can still be quite bad (5 to 10 m or worse).

Another way is known as "sensor fusion": add to the radio-based system the position/movement knowledge that come from the accelerometer, compass and other sensors that are built-in in the user's mobile device.

Such hybrid systems are already available on the market and can give you a resolution up to 2 - 4 m (room-level, aisle-level) WITHOUT installing any auxiliary radio beacon (such systems are also known as "infrastructureless indoor positioning systems"). A few of these systems use a pathfinding algorithm as well.

For example/inspiration regarding hybrid systems, look at: Footpath .

For an even more inspiring project, see UnLoc by Duke University: UnLoc at Gizmag and UnLoc at Duke .

If you need an even better resolution, most likely you have to install your own Bluetooth beacons (and/or use Nokia technology).

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