Selenium Webdriver:修改navigator.webdriver标志以防止硒检测 [英] Selenium webdriver: Modifying navigator.webdriver flag to prevent selenium detection

问题描述

我正在尝试使用硒和铬在网站中自动化一个非常基本的任务，但是以某种方式，该网站会检测到铬是由硒驱动的，并阻止了每个请求.我怀疑网站依赖于这样的公开DOM变量 https://stackoverflow.com/a/41904453/648236检测硒驱动的浏览器.

I'm trying to automate a very basic task in a website using selenium and chrome but somehow the website detects when chrome is driven by selenium and blocks every request. I suspect that the website is relying on an exposed DOM variable like this one https://stackoverflow.com/a/41904453/648236 to detect selenium driven browser.

我的问题是，有没有办法使navigator.webdriver标志为假?我愿意尝试修改后重新尝试编译硒源，但似乎无法在资源库中的任何地方找到NavigatorAutomationInformation源 https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium

My question is, is there a way I can make the navigator.webdriver flag false? I am willing to go so far as to try and recompile the selenium source after making modifications, but I cannot seem to find the NavigatorAutomationInformation source anywhere in the repository https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium

非常感谢您的帮助

PS:我还从 https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#尝试了以下操作界面

Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
    get: () => false,
  });

但是它只会在初始页面加载后更新属性.我认为网站会在执行脚本之前检测到该变量.

But it only updates the property after the initial page load. I think the site detects the variable before my script is executed.

推荐答案

首先更新 ¹

execute_cdp_cmd() :借助execute_cdp_cmd(cmd, cmd_args)命令的可用性，您现在可以轻松执行 google-chrome-devtools Selenium 的"nofollow noreferrer>命令一个>.使用此功能，您可以轻松地修改navigator.webdriver以防止检测到硒.

First the update ¹

execute_cdp_cmd(): With the availability of execute_cdp_cmd(cmd, cmd_args) command now you can easily execute google-chrome-devtools commands using Selenium. Using this feature you can modify the navigator.webdriver easily to prevent Selenium from getting detected.

要防止检测到硒驱动的 WebDriver ，利基方法将包括以下所有步骤之一或全部:

To prevent Selenium driven WebDriver getting detected a niche approach would include either/all of the below mentioned steps:

• 旋转用户代理通过execute_cdp_cmd()命令如下:

#Setting up Chrome/83.0.4103.53 as useragent
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Network.setUserAgentOverride', {"userAgent": 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.53 Safari/537.36'})

将 webdriver 的 navigator 的属性值更改为未定义

Change the property value of the navigator for webdriver to undefined

driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {
  "source": """
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
      get: () => undefined
    })
  """
})

排除enable-automation开关的集合

Exclude the collection of enable-automation switches

options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])

关闭useAutomationExtension

options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)

总结上面提到的所有步骤，有效的代码块将是:

Clubbing up all the steps mentioned above and effective code block will be:

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\WebDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {
  "source": """
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
      get: () => undefined
    })
  """
})
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Network.setUserAgentOverride', {"userAgent": 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.53 Safari/537.36'})
print(driver.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;"))
driver.get('https://www.httpbin.org/headers')

---

历史

根据 W3C编辑器草案，当前的实现严格提到:

---

History

As per the W3C Editor's Draft the current implementation strictly mentions:

当用户代理位于 webdriver-active 标志设置为 true . >远程控制，其初始设置为 false .

The webdriver-active flag is set to true when the user agent is under remote control which is initially set to false.

进一步

Navigator includes NavigatorAutomationInformation;

请注意:

NavigatorAutomationInformation 界面不应在 WorkerNavigator 上公开.

NavigatorAutomationInformation 接口定义为:

interface mixin NavigatorAutomationInformation {
    readonly attribute boolean webdriver;
};

如果设置了webdriver-active flag ，则返回 true ，否则返回false.

which returns true if webdriver-active flag is set, false otherwise.

最后，navigator.webdriver定义了一种标准方法，用于使用户代理协作来通知文档它由 WebDriver 控制，以便可以在自动化过程中触发备用代码路径.

Finally, the navigator.webdriver defines a standard way for co-operating user agents to inform the document that it is controlled by WebDriver, so that alternate code paths can be triggered during automation.

警告:更改/调整上述参数可能会阻止导航并检测到 WebDriver 实例.

Caution: Altering/tweaking the above mentioned parameters may block the navigation and get the WebDriver instance detected.

---

更新(2019年11月6日)

从当前的实现开始，访问网页而不被检测到的理想方法是使用ChromeOptions()类向以下参数添加几个参数:

---

Update (6-Nov-2019)

As of the current implementation an ideal way to access a web page without getting detected would be to use the ChromeOptions() class to add a couple of arguments to:

• 排除enable-automation开关的集合
• 关闭useAutomationExtension

• Exclude the collection of enable-automation switches
• Turn-off useAutomationExtension

通过ChromeOptions的实例如下:

• Java示例:

• Java Example:

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
WebDriver driver =  new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

Python示例

Python Example

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("https://www.google.com/")

¹ :仅适用于Selenium的Python客户端.

¹: Applies to Selenium's Python clients only.

² :仅适用于Selenium的Python客户端.

²: Applies to Selenium's Python clients only.

³ :仅适用于Selenium的Python客户端.

³: Applies to Selenium's Python clients only.

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