如何在单元测试中获取上下文以在内存数据库对象中创建Room数据库 [英] How to get Context in unit test to create Room database in memory database object

问题描述

我正在尝试在执行数据库插入的应用程序存储库类中测试此功能.我正在使用Koin作为依赖项注入库.为了进行测试，我需要创建一个内置在内存中的数据库版本.要创建该数据库，我需要Android应用程序上下文.因此，我创建了如下的测试类.

I'm trying to test this one function in my application repository class which performs a database insertion. I'm using Koin as my dependency injection library. To do the testing I need to create a Database version that gets built in memory. To create that database I need the Android application context. So I created my test class like below.

import android.content.Context
import androidx.arch.core.executor.testing.InstantTaskExecutorRule
import androidx.room.Room
import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
import com.chathuranga.shan.mycontacts.di.applicationModule
import com.chathuranga.shan.mycontacts.di.repositoryModule
import com.chathuranga.shan.mycontacts.room.AppDatabase
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Test

import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Rule
import org.koin.android.ext.koin.androidContext
import org.koin.core.context.loadKoinModules
import org.koin.core.context.startKoin
import org.koin.core.context.stopKoin
import org.koin.dsl.module
import org.koin.test.KoinTest
import org.koin.test.inject
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations

class ContactRepositoryTest : KoinTest {

    private val contactRepository: ContactRepository by inject()
    private lateinit var appDatabase: AppDatabase

    @get:Rule
    val rule = InstantTaskExecutorRule()

    @Before
    fun setUp() {

        startKoin {
            printLogger()
            modules(listOf(applicationModule,repositoryModule))
        }

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)

        val context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Context>()
        //val instrumentationContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext

        appDatabase = Room
            .inMemoryDatabaseBuilder(context, AppDatabase::class.java)
            .allowMainThreadQueries()
            .build()

        loadKoinModules(module { single(override = true) { appDatabase } })
    }

    @Test
    fun insertContact() {

        val firstName = "Chathuranga"
        val secondName = "Shan"
        val phone = "07711247890"

        contactRepository.insertContact(firstName,secondName,phone,null,null)

    }

    @After
    fun tearDown() {
        stopKoin()
    }
}

我正在得到这个例外.

java.lang.IllegalStateException:未注册任何工具！必须在注册工具下运行.

如您所见，我尝试了两种获取Context的方法(请检查上述类中的注释行)，但两种方法均以相同的方式失败.错误指向我创建Context对象的地方.此测试类位于test文件夹中，而不位于androidTest文件夹中.我想将此功能与将来将要使用的其他功能分开，并在本课程中进行测试.

As you can see I tried two ways to get Context (check the commented line in above class) and both failed the same way. And error pointed to the place where I create Context object. This test class in test folder not in androidTest folder. I want to separate this function and other functions that gonna come in the future and test in this class.

这是我的依赖项

//Testing
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
testImplementation "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.21.0"
testImplementation 'android.arch.core:core-testing:1.1.1'
testImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.2.0'
testImplementation 'org.koin:koin-test:2.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'

我的依赖项注入类.

val applicationModule = module {
    single { AppDatabase.getDatabaseInstance(androidContext().applicationContext) }
}

val activityModule = module {

    scope(named<MainActivity>()) {
        scoped { (activity: MainActivity) ->
            Navigation
                .findNavController(activity, R.id.hostFragment)
        }
    }
}

我是测试新手.如果我掌握了单元测试的概念，请指出.否则 指出此代码的问题.谢谢.

I'm new to testing. If the way I have grasped the concept of unit testing please point it out. Otherwise Point out the problem with this code. Thanks.

推荐答案

在本地单元测试中使用Robolectric创建上下文

对于在JVM上运行的本地单元测试，Robolectric可以工作.如果这是在仪器测试中，则不需要Robolectric. InstrumentationRegistry可以用于乔·伯奇的样本.

build.gradle

testImplementation "org.robolectric:robolectric:X.X.X"
testImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:X.X.X"

• 入门-Robolectric
• AndroidX Gradle依赖项-Android文档
• Getting Started - Robolectric
• AndroidX Gradle dependenceies - Android documentation

内置与JUnit 4和AndroidX库结合使用.

Built-in use with JUnit 4 and AndroidX library.

• testImplementation "androidx.test:core:X.X.X"

请参阅:构建本地单元测试> 包含框架依赖项-Android文档

See: Build local unit tests > Include framework dependencies - Android documentation

SomeTest.kt

import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
class SomeTest {

    @Test
    fun someTest() {
        val appContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Context>()
        ...
    }

}

JUnit 4

请参阅:Robolectric的文档

JUnit 4

See: Robolectric's documentation

请参阅:如何将Java 9添加到Android Studio?-StackOverflow

See: How to add Java 9 to Android Studio? - StackOverflow

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