如何按字符串中的数字对字符串列表进行排序? [英] How can I sort a list of strings by numbers in them?

问题描述

毫无疑问，这对您来说很简单...

An easy one no doubt for you...

我有一个像这样的文件名列表；

I have a list of filenames which are like so;

fw_d.log.1.gz  
through  
fw_d.log.300.gz  

当我在下面的代码块中使用该代码块时，它几乎按照我想要的方式对其进行了排序，但并不完全.

When i use this below code block, it almost sorts it the way i want, but not quite.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
my $basedir = "/var/log";
my @verdir = qw(fw_d);
my $fulldir;
my $configs;
my $combidir;

foreach $combidir (@verdir) {
    $fulldir = "$basedir/$combidir";
    opendir (DIR, $fulldir);
    my @files = grep { $_ ne '.' && $_ ne '..' && $_ ne 'CVS' readdir DIR;
    closedir (DIR);
    @files1 = sort {$a cmp $b}(@files);
    foreach my $configs (@files1) {
        print "Checking $configs\n";
        system("less $basedir/$combidir/$configs | grep \'.* Group = , Username = .* autheauthenticated.\' >> output.log" );
    }
}

这是代码段输出

Checking fw_d.log  
Checking fw_d.log.1.gz  
Checking fw_d.log.10.gz  
Checking fw_d.log.100.gz  
Checking fw_d.log.101.gz  
Checking fw_d.log.102.gz  

如您所见，它几乎按照我的希望进行排序....有人对我可以使用的阅读内容或代码段有任何建议吗?

As you can see, it almost sorts it how i was hoping.... Does anyone have any suggestions, on either reading, or a code snippet i can use?

预先感谢.
史蒂夫.

Thanks in advance.
Steve.

推荐答案

您可以使用 Schartzian变换:

my @sorted = map  { $_->[0] }
             sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] }
             map  { [$_, $_=~/(\d+)/] }
                 @files;
print Dumper \@sorted;

添加了用于比较Schwartzian-Transform和子例程的基准

Added benchmark for comparison between Schwartzian-Transform and subroutine

use Benchmark qw(:all);

# build list of files
my @files = map {'fw_d.log.'.int(rand()*1000).'.log' } 0 ..300;

my $count = -3;
my $r = cmpthese($count, {
        'subname' => sub {
              sub expand {
                   my $file=shift; 
                   $file=~s{(\d+)}{sprintf "%04d", $1}eg;
                   return $file;
              }
              my @sorted = sort { expand($a) cmp expand($b) } @files;
        },
        'schwartzian' => sub {
              my @sorted = map  { $_->[0] }
                           sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] }
                           map  { [$_, $_=~/(\d+)/] }
                 @files;
         }
});

结果:

              Rate     subname schwartzian
subname     21.2/s          --        -92%
schwartzian  279/s       1215%          --

Schwartzian转换对300个文件进行排序的效率提高了约13倍.

Schwartzian-transform is about 13 times more efficient for sorting 300 files.

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