在复制构造函数中防止切片 [英] Preventing slicing in copy constructor
问题描述
我想复制一个向量类型为Foo的对象,但是这些对象可以是几种不同的Foo派生类型.我不知道如何切片而不进行复制.这是我的玩具代码
I want to copy a vector of type Foo objects but the objects can be several different derived types of Foo. I can't figure out how to copy without slicing. Here's my toy code
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class Foo
{
public:
Foo() { m_x = "abc"; }
Foo( const Foo &other ) { m_x = other.m_x; }
virtual std::string ToString() { return m_x; }
std::string m_x;
};
class FooDerivedA : public Foo
{
public:
FooDerivedA() : Foo() { m_y = 123; }
std::string ToString() { return m_x + ", " + std::to_string( m_y ); }
int m_y;
};
class FooDerivedB : public Foo
{
public:
FooDerivedB() : Foo() { m_z = true; }
std::string ToString() { return m_x + ", " + std::to_string( m_z ); }
bool m_z;
};
class Foos
{
public:
Foos(){}
Foos( const Foos &other )
{
for ( auto &foo : other.m_Foos )
{
// I believe this is slicing. How can I prevent this?
auto f = std::unique_ptr<Foo>( new Foo( *foo ) );
m_Foos.push_back( std::move( f ) );
}
}
void Add( std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo ) { m_Foos.push_back( std::move( foo ) ); }
std::string ToString()
{
std::string s;
for ( auto &foo : m_Foos )
{
s += foo->ToString() + "\n";
}
return s;
}
private:
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Foo>> m_Foos;
};
int main()
{
Foos f1;
f1.Add( std::unique_ptr<FooDerivedA>( new FooDerivedA ) );
auto f2 = Foos( f1 );
std::cout << "f1:" << f1.ToString() << std::endl;
std::cout << "f2:" << f2.ToString() << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
我无法指定该类型应为FooDerivedA,例如:
I can't specify that the type should be FooDerivedA like:
auto f = std::unique_ptr<Foo>( new FooDerivedA( *foo ) );
因为它可能是FooDerivedB.如何在不切片的情况下复制数据?
because it might be FooDerivedB. How can I copy the data without slicing?
推荐答案
解决此问题的经典方法是实现virtual Foo *clone() const
,然后调用它代替副本构造函数.
The classical method to solve this problem is to implement a virtual Foo *clone() const
, which is then called instead of the copy constructor.
因此,如果我们在x
中有一个Foo
(源自)形式的对象,则可以通过以下方式创建另一个对象:
So, if we have an object of some (derived form of) Foo
in x
, we can create another one by:
void someFunc(Foo *x)
{
Foo *copy_of_x = x->clone();
...
delete copy_of_x; // Important so we don't leak!
}
请注意,由于它是一个虚函数,因此我们不能在foo
或其任何派生类型的构造函数中调用它,因为虚函数在构造函数中无法正确"运行.
Note that since it's a virtual function, we can't call it in the constructor of foo
or any of it's derived types, as virtual functions don't operate "correctly" inside constructors.
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