R YaleToolkit:如何更改迷你图上刻度线标签的字体大小? [英] R YaleToolkit: How to change the font size of tick labels on the sparklines?

问题描述

我正在将此功能用于R的一些快速简便的sparklines，但是我似乎无法弄清楚如何更改字体大小以避免y轴刻度标签的难看重叠.这是我的代码(请参见下面的可重现示例):

I'm using this function for some quick and easy sparklines with R but I can't seem to work out how to change the font size to avoid ugly overlaps of the y-axis tick labels. Here's my code (see below for a reproducible example):

sparklines(gamma.df, sub=c(1:23),outer.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "cm"))

和结果图:

我似乎能够完全抑制y轴

I seem to be able to completely suppress the y-axis with

sparklines(gamma.df, sub=c(1:23),yaxis=FALSE,outer.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "cm"))

但是我真正想要的只是缩小刻度线的数字(并在该行下添加灰色填充，但是看起来我不得不在屏幕上绘制多边形，这可能很麻烦，值得提出一个单独的问题...和其他包装).

But what I really want is just shrink the numbers at the tick marks (and add grey fill under the line, but it looks like I'd have to draw polygons on the screen which is probably enough trouble to deserve a separate question... and a different package).

文档建议

The documentation suggests that gpar might be relevant: 'In all the cases where a list of graphics parameters is needed, the valid parameter names are the same as would be valid when passed to gpar in the appropriate call.' But I need a bit of help to make sense of that as none of my attempts seem to get anywhere (ditto for cex.axis and axis()). Any experts on R's grid graphics out there? Links to a well-documented completely different approach (ggplot2?) that gives better quality sparkline-style output are welcome also.

以下是一些示例数据和代码，它们重复了我的问题:

Here's some example data and code that replicates my problem:

x <- data.frame(V = rnorm(1000), W = rnorm(1000), X = rnorm(1000), Y = rnorm(1000), Z = rnorm(10))
sparklines(x,outer.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "cm")) 

这是在y轴刻度线上带有丑陋重叠数字的结果示例数据图:

And here's the resulting example data plot with ugly overlapping numbers at the y-axis tickmarks:

更新:使用来自@ geek-on-acid的非常有用的plot代码以及Tufte论坛的一些代码(请参见下文)，还有一个不使用YaleToolkit程序包并且看起来还不错的替代样条线方法...这是一个可重现的示例(实际上只有两行，但这里为我的教学作了注释):

UPDATE: Using the very helpful plot code from @geek-on-acid and some code from the Tufte forum (see below) I've come up with an alternative sparkline method that doesn't use the YaleToolkit package and looks alright... Here's a reproducible example (really just two lines, but annotated here for my education):

     x <- data.frame(V = rnorm(1000), W = rnorm(1000), X = rnorm(1000), Y = rnorm(1000), 
     Z = rnorm(1000)) # get a bit of data

    par(mfrow=c(ncol(x),1), #sets number of rows in space to number of cols in data frame x
    mar=c(1,0,0,0), #sets margin size for the figures
    oma=c(4,5,4,4)) #sets outer margin

    for (i in 1:ncol(x)){ # setup for statement to loops over all elements in a list or vector
        plot(x[,i], #use col data, not rows from data frame x
        col="grey",lwd=0.5, #make the line grey and thin
        axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l"); #suppress axes lines, set as line plot
        axis(2,yaxp=c(min(x[,i]),max(x[,i]),2), # y-axis: only show tickmarks for max and min values of col
        cex.axis=1.1,las=1, # shrink fontsize slightly, make text horizontal for easy reading
        at=c(round(min(x[,i]),3),round(max(x[,i]),3))); #specify where tickmark numbers go and round them to keep it tidy
        axis(2,yaxp=c(min(x[,i]),max(x[,i]),2),col="white",tcl=0,labels=FALSE)  #y-axis: put a 2nd white axis line over the 1st y-axis to make it invisible
        ymin<-min(x[,i]); tmin<-which.min(x[,i]);ymax<-max(x[,i]);tmax<-which.max(x[,i]); # see the code from Jason below for what these do 
        points(x=c(tmin,tmax),y=c(ymin,ymax),pch=19,col=c("red","blue"),cex=1) # add coloured points at max and min
        }
        axis(1,pos=c(-5)) # places horizontal axis at the bottom of it all. 

这是生成的图像，基本上是我的问题的解决方案. y轴刻度线通过仅显示数据的最大值和最小值而没有垂直线来尝试保持优雅.再次感谢@ geek-on-acid提供了有关如何使它们沿所有底部的单个x轴的提示.

Here's the resulting image, which is basically the solution to my problem. The y-axis tick marks try to be elegant by showing only the max and min values of the data and having no vertical line. Thanks again to @geek-on-acid for the tip on how to I get a single x-axis along the bottom of them all.

最后，为了完整起见，我包含一些迷你图代码，它们更接近Tufte风格 "nofollow noreferrer> Tufte论坛.它们看起来比我的好得多，但是代码一次只能绘制一个图.这是原始帖子:

Finally, for completeness I include some code for sparklines closer to Tufte's style by Jason Dieterle that I found on the Tufte forum. They look much nicer than mine, but the code only does one plot at a time. Here's the original post:

#Here is a simple R implementation of sparklines. Running sparkline() will generate a random sparkline; running sparkline(yourdata) will generate a sparkline using the data in yourdata. As an example, here is Google's stock price for the last year.

#R sparklines
sparkline<-function(ydata=rnorm(100,500,50),width=1.5,height=0.5,sigfigs=4) {

# ydata = vector of data to be plotted
# width = width of sparlkline in inches, including text
# height = height of sparkline in inches
# sigfigs = number of significant figures to round min, max, and last values to

    temppar<-par(no.readonly = TRUE) # store default graphics parameters
    par(mai=c(0.10,0.05,0.10,0.05),fin=c(width,height)) # adjust graphics parameters for sparklines
    len<-length(ydata) # determine the length of the data set
    ymin<-min(ydata) # determine the minimum
    tmin<-which.min(ydata) # and its index
    ymax<-max(ydata) # determine the maximum
    tmax<-which.max(ydata) # and its index
    yfin<-signif(ydata[len],sigfigs) #determine most recent data point
    plotrange=c(ymin-0.3*(ymax-ymin),ymax+0.3*(ymax-ymin)) # define plot range to leave enough room for min and max circles and text
    plot(x=1:len,y=ydata,type="l",xlim=c(1,len*1.5),ylim=plotrange,col="gray",lwd=0.5,ann=FALSE,axes=FALSE) # plot sparkline
    points(x=c(tmin,tmax),y=c(ymin,ymax),pch=19,col=c("red","blue"),cex=0.5) # plot min and max points
    text(x=len,y=ymin,labels=signif(ymin,sigfigs),cex=0.5,pos=4,col="red") # show minimum value
    text(x=len,y=ymax,labels=signif(ymax,sigfigs),cex=0.5,pos=4,col="blue") # show maximum value
    text(x=len,y=(ymin+ymax)/2,labels=yfin,cex=0.5,pos=4) # show most recent value
    par(temppar) # restore graphics defaults
}
#-- Jason Dieterle (email), January 28, 2008

这是他的输出(放大一点):

and here's what his output looks like (enlarged a little):

除了YaleToolkit软件包外，还有 sparkTable软件包是我在 stats.stackexchange 中学到的，但没有尝试过. R-forge有一个另一个包的条目，用于制作迷你图，但这一个似乎没有活跃或有用.

In addition to the YaleToolkit package, there is the sparkTable package which I learnt of at stats.stackexchange but have not tried. R-forge has an entry for another package to make sparklines, but this one appears not to have be active or useful.

推荐答案

sparklines非常依赖grid包，因此您需要深入研究以搜索那些字体大小参数.玩viewpoint可能会带您到那里.对于简单(但非常原始")的解决方案，只需使用par使用简单的绘图选项-这样，您可以非常轻松地操纵几乎每个参数:

Well, sparklines are heavily dependant on grid package, so you need to dig deep to search for those font size parameters. Playing with viewpoint will probably get you there. For an easy (but VERY 'raw') solution, just use simple plotting options using par - this way you can manipulate almost every parameter very easily:

 x <- data.frame(V = rnorm(1000), W = rnorm(1000), X = rnorm(1000),
      Y = rnorm(1000), Z = rnorm(10))
 par(mfrow=c(5,1),mar=c(1,0,0,0),oma=c(4,5,4,4))
 plot(x$V,axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l");axis(2,cex.axis=0.7)
 plot(x$W,axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l");axis(2,cex.axis=0.7)
 plot(x$X,axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l");axis(2,cex.axis=0.7)
 plot(x$Y,axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l");axis(2,cex.axis=0.7)
 plot(x$Z,axes=F,ylab="",xlab="",main="",type="l");axis(2,cex.axis=0.7)
 axis(1,pos=c(-2))

这篇关于R YaleToolkit:如何更改迷你图上刻度线标签的字体大小?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！