python-查找用户的“下载"文件夹 [英] python - Finding the user's "Downloads" folder

问题描述

我已经找到此问题，建议使用os.path.expanduser(path)来获取用户的主目录.

我想通过下载"文件夹实现相同的目的.我知道这在C#中是可能的，但是我对Python还是陌生的我也不知道这里是否可行，最好是与平台无关的工具(Windows，Ubuntu).

我知道我可以做download_folder = os.path.expanduser("~")+"/Downloads/"，但是(至少在Windows中)，可以更改默认下载文件夹.

解决方案

正确定位Windows文件夹在Python中有些繁琐.根据有关Microsoft开发技术的答案，例如 ，则应使用Vista 2008年发行的一个问题要求它)，但是仍然可以使用ctypes模块来访问它.

调整以上答案以使用文件夹ID进行下载

在github上可用. >

I already found this question that suggests to use os.path.expanduser(path) to get the user's home directory.

I would like to achieve the same with the "Downloads" folder. I know that this is possible in C#, yet I'm new to Python and don't know if this is possible here too, preferable platform-independent (Windows, Ubuntu).

I know that I just could do download_folder = os.path.expanduser("~")+"/Downloads/", yet (at least in Windows) it is possible to change the Default download folder.

解决方案

Correctly locating Windows folders is somewhat of a chore in Python. According to answers covering Microsoft development technologies, such as this one, they should be obtained using the Vista Known Folder API. This API is not wrapped by the Python standard library (though there is an issue from 2008 requesting it), but one can use the ctypes module to access it anyway.

Adapting the above answer to use the folder id for downloads shown here and combining it with your existing Unix code should result in code that looks like this:

import os

if os.name == 'nt':
    import ctypes
    from ctypes import windll, wintypes
    from uuid import UUID

    # ctypes GUID copied from MSDN sample code
    class GUID(ctypes.Structure):
        _fields_ = [
            ("Data1", wintypes.DWORD),
            ("Data2", wintypes.WORD),
            ("Data3", wintypes.WORD),
            ("Data4", wintypes.BYTE * 8)
        ] 

        def __init__(self, uuidstr):
            uuid = UUID(uuidstr)
            ctypes.Structure.__init__(self)
            self.Data1, self.Data2, self.Data3, \
                self.Data4[0], self.Data4[1], rest = uuid.fields
            for i in range(2, 8):
                self.Data4[i] = rest>>(8-i-1)*8 & 0xff

    SHGetKnownFolderPath = windll.shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
    SHGetKnownFolderPath.argtypes = [
        ctypes.POINTER(GUID), wintypes.DWORD,
        wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_wchar_p)
    ]

    def _get_known_folder_path(uuidstr):
        pathptr = ctypes.c_wchar_p()
        guid = GUID(uuidstr)
        if SHGetKnownFolderPath(ctypes.byref(guid), 0, 0, ctypes.byref(pathptr)):
            raise ctypes.WinError()
        return pathptr.value

    FOLDERID_Download = '{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}'

    def get_download_folder():
        return _get_known_folder_path(FOLDERID_Download)
else:
    def get_download_folder():
        home = os.path.expanduser("~")
        return os.path.join(home, "Downloads")

A more complete module for retrieving known folders from Python is available on github.

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