RDF和RDFS有何关系? [英] How are RDF and RDFS related?

问题描述

我一直在阅读有关RDF/RDFS和本体"之类的语义Web技术的信息，但想知道这些技术之间的关系如何?目前，这些术语似乎都是可以互换的，或者我在这里不了解一个基本概念.

I've been reading about Semantic Web technologies such as RDF/RDFS and "ontology", but was wondering how each of these are related? At the moment the terms all seem interchangeable, or I'm not understanding a fundamental concept here.

推荐答案

基本定义

1. RDF是一个概念.
2. RDF也是词汇的名称.
3. RDFS是另一个词汇的名称.
4. 本体论"只是术语词汇"的同义词.

说明

1. RDF是一个概念

RDF是描述事物的概念或方式. RDF的概念是您使用三个术语集来描述/定义任何事物.例如:安娜有苹果"，苹果很美味"，这两个字符串是完全有效的RDF描述(从概念上来说).无论在何处以及如何存储描述的数据，文件，纸张，沙子中的图纸或墙壁上的绘画，都无关紧要.最重要的是，数据被描述为三元组(使用RDF概念).语义网是使用此概念(RDF)构建的.

RDF is a concept or a way of describing things. The concept of RDF is that you are describing / defining anything using sets of THREE terms. Ex: "Ana has apples", "Apples are tasty", these two strings are perfectly valid RDF descriptions (conceptually speaking). In doesn't matter where and how you store described data, in files, or papers, or drawings on the sand, or paintings on a wall. The main important thing is that the data is described as triples (using the RDF concept). The semantic web is built using this concept (RDF).

RDF是词汇表的名称

注意:词汇表只是存储在文件或其他位置的一组术语定义.这些术语的目的是通常重新用于描述数据.因此，您有了数据，有了词汇表，现在您可以开始使用词汇表中的术语向数据添加说明.

Note: A vocabulary is just a set of term definitions stored in files or somewhere else. These terms have the purpose to be generally reused for describing data. So, you have your data, you have a vocabulary, now you can start adding descriptions to your data using the terms from the vocabulary.

RDF是提供一组术语的标准词汇表.您可以在此处

RDF is a standard vocabulary that provides a set of terms. You can see the vocabulary here

RDF词汇表提供的术语可帮助您进行一些基本的标准描述，如下所示:

The terms provided by the RDF vocabulary help you make some basic standard descriptions like this:

假设您具有以下数据:安娜"和人".因此，要以标准的语义网络方式描述"Ana"是"Person"，则必须将以下三元组存储在某个地方:

Let's say you have the following data: "Ana" and "Person". So, to describe in a standard semantic web manner that your "Ana" is a "Person", you have to store the following triple somewhere:

PREFIX rdf:<https://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>
<http://yourdomain.com/Ana> rdf:type <http://yourdomain.com/Person>

RDF词汇中定义了"rdf:type"一词，每当您使用它时，您都在描述一个事实，即该词(主题)前面的数据是该数据(类)的一个实例，放在它(对象)之后.

The "rdf:type" term is defined in the RDF vocabulary and whenever you are using it you are describing the fact that the data that is in front of it (the subject) is an instance of the data (class) that is placed after it (the object).

通常，RDF词汇表提供用于创建类实例的基本描述的术语.

In general the RDF vocabulary provides terms for creating basic descriptions of instances of classes.

RDFS是另一个词汇的名称

RDFS和RDF一样，是标准词汇.如果在RDF词汇表中有帮助您给出实例的基本定义/描述的术语，则在RDFS词汇表中有帮助您定义/描述类的术语.例如，您具有术语rdfs:subClassOf的定义.使用这个术语，您可以描述一个类是另一个子类的事实.

RDFS is a standard vocabulary just like RDF. If in the RDF vocabulary you have terms that help you give a basic definition/description of instances, in the RDFS vocabulary you have terms that help you define/describe classes. For example you have the definition of the term rdfs:subClassOf. With this term you can describe the fact that a class is a subclass of another.

PREFIX rdfs:<https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
<http://yourdomain.com/Teacher> rdfs:subClassOf <http://yourdomain.com/Person>  

因此，RDF具有用于创建实例的术语，RDFS具有用于创建类的术语.通过同时使用两者，您可以开始对数据进行更详细的描述.如果您要进行更复杂的描述，则可以使用OWL，它只是另一种词汇，提供了能够做到这一点的一组术语. OWL术语是使用RDF和RDFS术语定义的.

So, RDF has terms for creating instances, RDFS has terms for creating classes. By using both you can start making more detailed descriptions of your data. If you want to make even more complex descriptions, than you can use OWL which is just another vocabulary that provides a set of terms able to do that. OWL terms are defined using RDF and RDFS terms.

注意:一些RDF术语是使用RDFS术语定义的，而某些RDFS术语是使用RDF术语定义的.您可以根据需要检查到词汇表的链接.

Note: Some RDF terms are defined using RDFS terms, and some RDFS terms are defined using RDF terms. You can check the links to the vocabularies if you want.

"本体论"只是术语" vocabulary "

"ontology" is just a SYNONYM of the term "vocabulary"

本体"只是词汇"的别称.这两个是同一回事. 您可以将本体视为更复杂的词汇，但这不是规则. 这是来自官方网站:

"Ontology" is just another name for "vocabulary". These two are the same thing. You could think of an ontology as a more complex vocabulary, but this is not a rule. This is from the official site:

所谓的词汇"和本体论"之间没有明确的区分."

'There is no clear division between what is referred to as "vocabularies" and "ontologies".'

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