如何使用VS2017升级CSPROJ文件 [英] How to upgrade csproj files with VS2017

问题描述

VS2017已经正确地将几个基于project.json/.xproj的项目转换为新的.csproj格式.

VS2017 has so far correctly converted several project.json/.xproj based projects to the new .csproj format.

我还想将新的.csproj格式与以前仅针对.NET Framework的较旧的.csproj项目一起使用(即它们不适用于dnx/dotnet CLI).

I would also like to use the new .csproj format with older .csproj projects that previously targeted only .NET Framework (i.e. they didn't work with dnx/dotnet CLI).

似乎，即使一个项目仍然只针对.NET Framework，<PackageReference>和易于编辑的.csproj文件的优点似乎也值得(希望不太严重).

It seems that even if a project would still only target .NET Framework, the benefits of <PackageReference> and an easily editable .csproj file seem worth the (hopefully not too great) trouble.

这可以直接与Visual Studio 2017一起使用吗?

Is this possible to do with Visual Studio 2017 directly?

如果没有，将需要哪些手动步骤?

If not, what manual steps would be required?

推荐答案

我正在编辑我的答案，以明确您不需要升级.csproj文件.正如Drew在下面评论的那样，这样做是有好处的.但是，VS2017将可以正常使用经典csproj文件.此外，VS2017中没有任何东西可以为您执行升级.如果您确实希望利用新格式，那么下面的遍历应该会有所帮助.

I'm editing my answer to make it clear that you don't need to upgrade your .csproj file. As Drew commented below there are benefits to doing so. However, VS2017 will continue to work with the classic csproj file just fine. In addition there is nothing in VS2017 that will perform the upgrade for you. If you do wish to take advantage of the new format the walk through below should help.

对于简单的类库或控制台项目，将.csproj文件升级为新的Visual Studio 2017格式很容易.

Upgrading the .csproj file to the new Visual Studio 2017 format is easy for simple class libraries or console projects.

如果不使用版本控制，则在开始之前请确保备份csproj文件以及Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs和packages.config.新的csproj文件很棒.在许多项目中，我用十几个代码替换了几百行代码.但是，随着Visual Studio 2017继续支持以前的csproj文件，这可能是过早优化的情况.如果您的解决方案包含数十个项目，许多NuGet软件包以及对csproj的任何自定义，则很可能会执行不必​​要的make work项目.

If you're not using version control, before you begin be sure to backup your csproj file, and both Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs, and packages.config. The new csproj file is great. In many projects I've replaced hundreds of lines of code with a dozen or so. However, as Visual Studio 2017 continues to support the previous csproj files this may be a case of premature optimization. If you have a solution that contains dozens of projects, many NuGet packages, and any customization to csproj you are likely undertaking an unnecessary make work project.

按如下所示用适当的代码替换.csproj文件的全部内容.

Replace the entire contents of your .csproj file with the appropriate code as follows.

课程库

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net462</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

控制台应用程序

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net462</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

将<TargetFramework>属性更改为所需的.NET版本，例如net452，net46，net461等.

Change the <TargetFramework>attribute to the .NET version you require such as net452, net46, net461 etc.

默认情况下，编译器将提取项目文件夹中的所有代码.如果您的项目文件夹之外有代码，则必须像在Visual Studio和csproj的早期版本中一样，显式引用它.

By default all code within your project folder will be picked up by the compiler. If you have code outside your project folder you must explicitly reference it the same way you do in previous versions of Visual Studio and csproj.

进行上述更改后，将您的解决方案加载到Visual Studio 2017中.这时，应该构建最基本的项目.如果不是，则可能需要添加缺少的程序集或项目引用.添加引用与Visual Studio早期版本中的添加引用非常相似.在解决方案资源管理器中选择您的项目，右键单击Dependencies，然后选择Add Reference.添加您缺少的任何Framework或Project引用.

After making the above changes load your solution in Visual Studio 2017. At this point the most basic projects should build. If not you likely need to add missing assembly or project references. Adding references is very similar to doing so in previous versions of Visual Studio. Select your project in the Solution Explorer, right click on Dependencies, and select Add Reference. Add any Framework or Project references that you're missing.

尝试再次构建您的解决方案/项目.您可能会收到有关重复属性的错误.此错误是因为先前在AssemblyInfo.cs中定义的属性已移至csproj文件.删除在属性"文件夹下找到的AssemblyInfo.cs文件，应该可以解决这些错误.删除AssemblyInfo.cs之前，应移动已定义的所有数据.可以在项目文件的包信息"部分中输入大多数属性.右键单击您的项目名称，选择Package页面，然后输入AssemblyInfo.cs文件中先前定义的任何数据.其中包括程序集版本，作者，版权等.

Attempt to build your solution/project again. You may receive errors about duplicate attributes. This error is because attributes previously defined in AssemblyInfo.cs have been moved to the csproj file. Deleting the AssemblyInfo.cs file, found under the Properties folder, should resolve these errors. Before deleting the AssemblyInfo.cs you should move any data you have defined. Most attributes can be entered in the package information section of your project file. Right click on your project name, select the Package page, and enter any data that was previously defined in your AssemblyInfo.cs file. This includes items such as the assembly version, author, copyright etc.

下面是显示上一步的屏幕截图.

Below is a screen shot that shows the previous step.

如果您在项目中使用任何NuGet软件包，则还需要将其移动到新格式.在Visual Studio 2017之前的版本中，除了csproj中的引用之外，NuGet还依赖于项目根目录中名为Packages.config的文件.要迁移您的NuGet软件包引用，请右键单击您的解决方案并加载Nuget软件包管理器.加载到右上角后，单击齿轮，NuGet软件包管理器选项将加载.选择General.在程序包管理"下，将选项Default package management format更改为PackageReference.此时，您必须手动将所有NuGet软件包重新添加到您的解决方案中.您可以在项目的根文件夹的packages.config文件中找到所有软件包.将所有软件包添加回去后，您可以删除packages.config文件.

If you are using any NuGet packages in your project you need to move those to the new format as well. Previous to Visual Studio 2017 NuGet relied on a file named Packages.config in the root of your project in addition to references in csproj. To migrate your NuGet package references right click on your solution and load the Nuget Package Manager. Once loaded in the upper-right hand corner, click the cog, and the NuGet Package Manager Options will load. Select General. Under Package Management change the option Default package management format to PackageReference. At this point you'll have to manually add all your NuGet packages back to your solution. You can find all the packages in the packages.config file in the project's root folder. Once you have added all the packages back you can delete the packages.config file.

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