如何在Visual Studio中设置GoogleTest和GoogleMock? [英] How to set up both GoogleTest and GoogleMock in Visual Studio?

问题描述

使用Visual Studio 2017/2019，设置新的

With Visual Studio 2017/2019 it is really easy to set up a new Google Test project and start writing tests (as long as you don't mind using older versions of GoogleTest versions anyway).

但是也要使用GoogleMock吗?您可能会认为，由于Google早前将gtest/gmock组合在一起，所以这才行得通.只需#include "gmock/gmock.h"并嘲笑.但是不可以， GoogleTest NuGet包根本不包含gmock文件夹.

But what about using GoogleMock as well? You would think that since Google combined gtest/gmock some time ago that this would just work. Just #include "gmock/gmock.h" and mock away. But no, the GoogleTest NuGet package that is automatically added by the template does not include the gmock folder at all.

尝试添加第二个GoogleMock NuGet软件包会导致多个问题，例如gtest/gmock版本不匹配，包含路径重叠等.

Trying to add a second GoogleMock NuGet package causes multiple problems, such as mismatched gtest/gmock versions, overlapping include paths, etc.

用来自Google的一个替换Microsoft GoogleTest NuGet软件包会导致链接错误:

Replacing the Microsoft GoogleTest NuGet package with the one from Google causes a link error:

MSVCRTD.lib(exe_main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function "int __cdecl invoke_main(void)" (?invoke_main@@YAHXZ)

那么，在Visual Studio中设置GoogleTest/GoogleMock的当前推荐的方法(也是最不痛苦的方法)是什么?应该可以通过测试资源管理器"发现，运行和调试测试.

So what is the current recommended (and least painful) way to set up GoogleTest/GoogleMock in Visual Studio? Tests should be able to be discovered, run, and debugged via the Test Explorer.

推荐答案

我发现了两种设置方法:将整个GoogleTest框架直接编译到每个测试项目中，或者创建一个库项目来保存它.使用库可以缩短构建时间，但是您需要确保库和测试项目上的编译/链接选项相同.

I've found two ways to set this up: Either compile the whole GoogleTest framework directly into each of the test projects, or create a library project to hold it. Using a library will give faster build times, but you'll need to make sure that compile/link options are the same on the library and the test projects.

直接在测试项目中编译GoogleTest

1. 通过 Google测试模板创建一个新项目.说明此处(如果需要).
2. 卸载 Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-static NuGet程序包.
3. 从Google安装最新的 gmock NuGet软件包(当前为v1.10.0).
4. 将文件gtest_main.cc添加到项目中.它应该在..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\src\gtest\src\
中

1. Create a new project from the Google Test template. Instructions here if needed.
2. Uninstall the Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-static NuGet package.
3. Install the latest gmock NuGet package from Google (currently v1.10.0).
4. Add the file gtest_main.cc to the project. It should be in ..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\src\gtest\src\

这时项目应该看起来像这样(如果没有，请尝试卸载和重新加载项目):

At this point the project should look something like this (if it doesn't, try Unloading and Reloading the project):

最后的配置步骤是对三个Google .cc文件禁用 Precompiled标头(重要:也请注意空白字段).

The final configuration step is to disable use of Precompiled Headers for the three Google .cc files (Important: Notice the empty fields too).

在静态库项目中使用GoogleTest

1. 通过静态库(C ++)模板创建一个新项目.说明 gmock NuGet软件包(当前为v1.10.0).
2. 对图书馆项目禁用预编译头(请参见上面的相关图片).
3. 通过 Google测试模板创建一个新项目.说明此处(如果需要).
4. 卸载 Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-static NuGet程序包.
5. 将文件gtest_main.cc添加到项目中.它应该在..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\src\gtest\src\
中
6. 禁用gtest_main.cc的预编译头(请参见上面的相关图片).
7. 将库项目添加到测试项目的项目参考"中.
8. 在 VC ++目录
下的测试项目的包含目录中添加..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\include\

1. Create a new project from the Static Library (C++) template. Instructions here if needed.
2. Delete all generated .h/.cpp files (pch.h, pch.cpp, framework.h, <ProjectName>.cpp, etc)
3. Install the latest gmock NuGet package from Google (currently v1.10.0).
4. Disable use of Precompiled Headers for the library project (see related pic above).
5. Create a new project from the Google Test template. Instructions here if needed.
6. Uninstall the Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-static NuGet package.
7. Add the file gtest_main.cc to the project. It should be in ..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\src\gtest\src\
8. Disable use of Precompiled Headers for gtest_main.cc (see related pic above).
9. Add the library project to the test project's Project References.
10. Add ..\packages\gmock.1.10.0\lib\native\include\ to the test project's Include Directories under VC++ Directories

解决方案结构现在应如下所示:

The solution structure should now look something like this:

编写测试

无论哪种方式，您现在都可以开始使用GoogleMock编写测试了.将#include "gmock/gmock.h"添加到pch.h文件中:

Either way, you are now ready to start writing tests using GoogleMock. Add add #include "gmock/gmock.h" to the pch.h file:

//
// pch.h
// Header for standard system include files.
//

#pragma once

#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "gmock/gmock.h"

打开生成的Test.cpp文件并尝试.

Open the generated Test.cpp file and try it.

#include "pch.h"

class MockTest {
public:
    MOCK_METHOD(void, SomeMethod, ());
};

TEST(TestCaseName, TestName) {
    MockTest mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, SomeMethod);
    mock.SomeMethod();
    EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
    EXPECT_TRUE(true);
}

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