使用Selenium/WebDriver和Python，如何抑制共享相机和麦克风的提示? [英] Using Selenium/WebDriver and Python, how do I suppress the prompt to share my camera and microphone?
问题描述
我在Python中使用Selenium来自动化远程浏览器.浏览器需要访问其网络摄像头和麦克风.当我导航到一个请求访问的页面时，Firefox显示一个弹出窗口，询问您是否想与[主机]共享相机和麦克风?"
I am using Selenium in Python to automate a remote browser. The browser needs access to its webcam and microphone. When I navigate to a page that requests access, Firefox shows a pop-up window that asks "Would you like to share you camera and microphone with [host]?"
此窗口不是浏览器页面的一部分，因此无法通过Selenium进行检测或控制.
This window is not part of the browser's page, so it cannot be detected or controlled via Selenium.
此行为由Firefox的"about:config"页面中的media.navigator.permission.disabled选项控制.如果此选项设置为"true"，则应自动授予对摄像机的访问权限.
This behavior is controlled by the media.navigator.permission.disabled option in Firefox's 'about:config' page. If this option is set to 'true', then access to the camera should be granted automatically.
当我将该选项设置为"true"时，仅当我手动运行Firefox时，它才会消除提示.通过Selenium运行Firefox时，仍然出现提示.
When I set that option to 'true', it eliminates the prompt only when I run Firefox manually. When I run Firefox via Selenium, I still get the prompt.
如何隐藏此提示，并自动授予权限?
How can I suppress this prompt, and have permission granted automatically?
推荐答案
问题出在Firefox配置文件中. Selenium为每个浏览器实例创建一个新的临时配置文件.该配置文件与您手动启动Firefox时使用的配置文件不同.
The problem lies in Firefox profiles. Selenium creates a new, temporary profile for each browser instance. This profile is separate from the profile you use when you manually start Firefox.
因此，当在about:config中将media.navigator.permission.disabled设置为'true'时，仅对您的配置文件执行此操作，而不对Selenium使用的配置文件进行操作.
Thus, when you set media.navigator.permission.disabled to 'true' in about:config, you do so only for your profile, and not for the profile that Selenium uses.
有两种方法可以解决此问题:
There are two ways to work around this:
-
告诉Selenium要使用的现有配置文件.
Tell Selenium which existing profile to use.
为此，您必须首先确定所使用的配置文件.为此，请关闭Firefox的所有实例，然后执行firefox -p以启动配置文件管理器.在大多数情况下，您会看到一个名为default的配置文件.
To do this, you must first determine which profile you are using. To do this, close all instances of Firefox, then execute firefox -p to start the profile manager. In most cases, you will see a single profile called default.
使用此配置文件，导航到about:config，然后将media.navigator.permission.disabled选项设置为true.
Using this profile, navigate to about:config, and set the media.navigator.permission.disabled option to true.
然后，当您启动Selenium独立服务器时，请指定此配置文件:
Then, when you start the Selenium standalone server, specify this profile:
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.37.0.jar -Dwebdriver.firefox.profile=default
这告诉Selenium使用default配置文件，该配置文件具有您想要的设置.
This tells Selenium to use the default profile, which has the settings you want.
创建并配置供Selenium使用的新配置文件.
Create and configure a new profile for Selenium to use.
在创建浏览器实例之前，必须创建一个Firefox配置文件并对其进行配置以满足您的需求:
Before you create the browser instance, you must create a Firefox profile and configure it to meet your needs:
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.set_preference ('media.navigator.permission.disabled', True)
profile.update_preferences()
然后在创建远程浏览器实例时指定此配置文件:
Then specify this profile when you create the remote browser instance:
firefox = selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver (command_executor=my_url, desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX, browser_profile=profile)
然后，Selenium将使用此配置文件，并且不会提示您访问相机的权限.
Selenium will then use this profile, and you should not be prompted for permission to access the camera.
请注意，此方法比第一种方法花费更多的时间.
Note that this method takes more time than the first method.
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