为什么这些tkinter样式不起作用? [英] Why aren't these tkinter stylings working?

问题描述

*为了消除任何混乱，我使用的是macOS Catalina，Python 3.7.4和Tcl/Tk 8.6.9 *

我有一个项目使用ttkthemes中的ThemedTK作为主题使用黑色"作为主题.我正在尝试修改按钮的样式.

但是，除了set_theme_advanced()方法外，我无法找出如何修改主题的方法，该方法只能更改我正在阅读的内容的颜色

在此先感谢您的帮助.

这是我在计算机上看到的照片.

* * EDIT * * 阅读下面的答案后，我将代码分解为两个文件，以便没有两个主窗口.这确实改变了Window2的行为，但是样式仍然没有应用.然后，我仅使用Tk和ttk创建了第三个窗口，但仍未应用样式.

窗口1(设置了tkthemed和'black'主题样式)

# test-ttk-button-style1.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window1 = tkt.ThemedTk()
window1.get_themes()
window1.set_theme("black")
window1.title("First Window")
window1.geometry("+0+0")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w1content = ttk.Frame(window1, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w1content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w1btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="First Button in Window 1", style="left.TButton")
w1btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Second Button in Window 1", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w1btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Third Button in Window 1", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w1btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Fourth Button in Window 1", width=25)
w1btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window1.mainloop()

这是我计算机上的结果:

窗口2(未设置主题样式的主题)

# test-ttk-button-style2.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window2 = tk.Tk()
window2.title("Second Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w2content = ttk.Frame(window2, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w2content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w2btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="First Button in Window 2", style="left.TButton")
w2btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Second Button in Window 2", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w2btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Third Button in Window 2", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w2btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Fourth Button in Window 2", width=25)
w2btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window2.mainloop()

我的计算机上的结果: 窗口3(没有任何主题)

#test-ttk-button-style3.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW

window3 = tk.Tk()
window3.title("Third Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w3content = ttk.Frame(window3, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w3content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w3btn1 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="First Button in Window 3", style="left.TButton")
w3btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn2 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Second Button in Window 3", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w3btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn3 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Third Button in Window 3", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w3btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn4 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Fourth Button in Window 3", width=25)
w3btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window3.mainloop()

我的计算机上的结果:

解决方案

第二个窗口正在使用系统小部件，并且由于Apple的人机界面指南(按钮上的文本不能左右对齐)而具有受限制的选项.

关于ttk样式的小部件，这是tkinter的一个小功能，justify指定多个线标签的行为，anchor可能是您想要将单线标签移到侧面的方式.

anchor = 控制文本(或图像)在按钮中的位置.使用N，NE，E，SE，S，SW，W，NW或CENTER之一.默认值为CENTER. (锚点/锚点)

justify = 定义如何对齐多行文本.使用LEFT，RIGHT或CENTER.默认值为CENTER. (调整/调整)

来源: https://effbot.org/tkinterbook/button.htm

* To eliminate any confusion, I am using macOS Catalina, Python 3.7.4, and Tcl/Tk 8.6.9 *

I have a project that uses 'black' as a theme from ThemedTK in ttkthemes. I am trying to modify the styling for the buttons.

However, I have not been able to figure out how to modify the theme beyond the set_theme_advanced() method, which only changes the colors from what I am reading here. I want to change the button text to be centered within the theme. But, in the process of troubleshooting this, I see I am unable to modify the placement (justification) of the button text in either of the windows in my example code below.

If you look at this example code, you will see that in the first window, the text is left justified on the buttons, but correctly colored, but in the second window (using Tk), the text is justified center on all the buttons and not colored. Neither of the windows is responding to the justification styling and the Tk window appears to not be responding to any custom styling.

# test-ttk-button-style.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window1 = tkt.ThemedTk()
window1.get_themes()
window1.set_theme("black")
window1.title("First Window")
window1.geometry("+20+70")

window2 = tk.Tk()
window2.title("Second Window")
window2.geometry("+400+70")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")

w1content = ttk.Frame(window1, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w1content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w1btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="First Button in Window 1", style="left.TButton")
w1btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Second Button in Window 1", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w1btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Third Button in Window 1", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w1btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Fourth Button in Window 1", width=25)
w1btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

w2content = ttk.Frame(window2, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w2content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w2btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="First Button in Window 2", style="left.TButton")
w2btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Second Button in Window 2", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w2btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Third Button in Window 2", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w2btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Fourth Button in Window 2", width=25)
w2btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window1.mainloop()

Thanks in advance for any help.

Here's is a pic of what I am seeing on my computer.

* * EDIT * * After reading the answer below, I broke the code down into two files so as to not have two main windows. This did change how Window2 behaved, but the styling is still not being applied. I then created a third window using just Tk and ttk, and still the style is not being applied.

Window 1 (with tkthemed and 'black' theme style set)

# test-ttk-button-style1.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window1 = tkt.ThemedTk()
window1.get_themes()
window1.set_theme("black")
window1.title("First Window")
window1.geometry("+0+0")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w1content = ttk.Frame(window1, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w1content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w1btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="First Button in Window 1", style="left.TButton")
w1btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Second Button in Window 1", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w1btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Third Button in Window 1", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w1btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Fourth Button in Window 1", width=25)
w1btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window1.mainloop()

This is the result on my computer:

Window 2 (tkthemed without a theme style set)

# test-ttk-button-style2.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window2 = tk.Tk()
window2.title("Second Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w2content = ttk.Frame(window2, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w2content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w2btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="First Button in Window 2", style="left.TButton")
w2btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Second Button in Window 2", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w2btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Third Button in Window 2", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w2btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Fourth Button in Window 2", width=25)
w2btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window2.mainloop()

The result on my computer: Window 3 (without any tkthemed)

#test-ttk-button-style3.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW

window3 = tk.Tk()
window3.title("Third Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w3content = ttk.Frame(window3, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w3content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w3btn1 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="First Button in Window 3", style="left.TButton")
w3btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn2 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Second Button in Window 3", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w3btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn3 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Third Button in Window 3", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w3btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn4 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Fourth Button in Window 3", width=25)
w3btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window3.mainloop()

Result on my computer:

解决方案

The second window is using system widget and have restricted options due to Apple's Human Interface Guideline (text on button can not be aligned left or right).

Regarding ttk style widget, this is a subtility of tkinter, justify specify the behavior of multiple line labels, anchor is probably what you want to move one-line label to the side.

anchor= Controls where in the button the text (or image) should be located. Use one of N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, or CENTER. Default is CENTER. (anchor/Anchor)

justify= Defines how to align multiple lines of text. Use LEFT, RIGHT, or CENTER. Default is CENTER. (justify/Justify)

Source: https://effbot.org/tkinterbook/button.htm

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